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Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computations directly on encrypted data, but its high computational cost remains a significant barrier. Writing efficient FHE code is a complex task requiring cryptographic expertise, and finding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Bilel Sefsaf , Abderraouf Dandani , Abdessamed Seddiki , Arab Mohammed , Eduardo Chielle , Michail Maniatakos , Riyadh Baghdadi

We propose a new homomorphic encryption scheme based on the hardness of decoding under independent random noise from certain affine families of codes. Unlike in previous lattice-based homomorphic encryption schemes, where the message is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-21 Andrej Bogdanov , Chin Ho Lee

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows for computation directly on encrypted data and enables privacy-preserving neural inference in the cloud. Prior work has focused on models with dense inputs (e.g., CNNs), with less attention given to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Karthik Garimella , Austin Ebel , Gabrielle De Micheli , Brandon Reagen

In this paper, a secure Convolutional Neural Network classifier is proposed using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). The secure classifier provides a user with the ability to out-source the computations to a powerful cloud server and/or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Thomas Shortell , Ali Shokoufandeh

It has been a long standing problem to securely outsource computation tasks to an untrusted party with integrity and confidentiality guarantees. While fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a promising technique that allows computations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Wenhao Wang , Yichen Jiang , Qintao Shen , Weihao Huang , Hao Chen , Shuang Wang , XiaoFeng Wang , Haixu Tang , Kai Chen , Kristin Lauter , Dongdai Lin

We present GRAFHEN, a new cryptographic scheme which offers Fully Homomorphic Encryption without the need for bootstrapping (or in other words, without noise). Building on the work of Nuida and others, we achieve this using encodings in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Pierre Guillot , Auguste Hoang Duc , Michel Koskas , Florian Méhats

In this paper, we prove superpolynomial lower bounds for the class of homogeneous depth 4 arithmetic circuits. We give an explicit polynomial in VNP of degree $n$ in $n^2$ variables such that any homogeneous depth 4 arithmetic circuit…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-12-23 Mrinal Kumar , Shubhangi Saraf

Legacy encryption systems depend on sharing a key (public or private) among the peers involved in exchanging an encrypted message. However, this approach poses privacy concerns. Especially with popular cloud services, the control over the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Abbas Acar , Hidayet Aksu , A. Selcuk Uluagac , Mauro Conti

Homomorphic Encryption (HE), allowing computations on encrypted data (ciphertext) without decrypting it first, enables secure but prohibitively slow Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) inference for privacy-preserving applications in clouds.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Yuxiao Lu , Jie Lin , Chao Jin , Zhe Wang , Min Wu , Khin Mi Mi Aung , Xiaoli Li

Fully Homomorphic Encryption~(FHE) is a key technology enabling privacy-preserving computing. However, the fundamental challenge of FHE is its inefficiency, due primarily to the underlying polynomial computations with high computation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Junxue Zhang , Xiaodian Cheng , Liu Yang , Jinbin Hu , Ximeng Liu , Kai Chen

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables an entity to perform arbitrary computation on encrypted data without decrypting the ciphertexts. An ongoing group-theoretical approach to construct an FHE scheme uses a certain "compression"…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Koji Nuida

The degrees of polynomials representing or approximating Boolean functions are a prominent tool in various branches of complexity theory. Sherstov recently characterized the minimal degree deg_{\eps}(f) among all polynomials (over the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-15 Ronald de Wolf

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a commonly used tool for building privacy-preserving applications. However, in scenarios with many clients and high-latency networks, communication costs due to large ciphertext sizes are the bottleneck. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Rasoul Akhavan Mahdavi , Abdulrahman Diaa , Florian Kerschbaum

We report on a recent implementation of Giesbrecht's algorithm for factoring polynomials in a skew-polynomial ring. We also discuss the equivalence between factoring polynomials in a skew-polynomial ring and decomposing $p^s$-polynomials…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2016-11-15 Robert S. Coulter , George Havas , Marie Henderson

In this paper, we evaluate the different fully homomorphic encryption schemes, propose an implementation, and numerically analyze the applicability of gradient descent algorithms to solve quadratic programming in a homomorphic encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-06 André Bertolace , Konstantinos Gatsis , Kostas Margellos

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computations on encrypted data, preserving confidentiality without the need for decryption. However, FHE is often hindered by significant performance overhead, particularly for high-precision and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Chao Wang , Shubing Yang , Xiaoyan Sun , Jun Dai , Dongfang Zhao

We discuss the advantages and limitations of cyclotomic fields to have fast polynomial arithmetic within homomorphic encryption, and show how these limitations can be overcome by replacing cyclotomic fields by a family that we refer to as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Iván Blanco-Chacón , Alberto Pedrouzo-Ulloa , Rahinatou Yuh Njah Nchiwo , Beatriz Barbero-Lucas

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computations directly on encrypted data, offering strong cryptographic guarantees for secure and privacy-preserving data storage and query execution. However, despite its theoretical power, practical…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Boram Jung , Yuliang Li , Hung-Wei Tseng

The need for privacy-preserving analytics is higher than ever due to the severity of privacy risks and to comply with new privacy regulations leading to an amplified interest in privacy-preserving techniques that try to balance between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ahmad Al Badawi , Luong Hoang , Chan Fook Mun , Kim Laine , Khin Mi Mi Aung

In their 2022 study, Kuang et al. introduced Multivariable Polynomial Public Key (MPPK) cryptography, leveraging the inversion relationship between multiplication and division for quantum-safe public key systems. They extended MPPK into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Randy Kuang , Maria Perepechaenko , Mahmoud Sayed , Dafu Lou