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Precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are crucial in cosmology, because any proposed model of the universe must account for the features of this radiation. Of all CMB measurements that the scientific community has…
The hydrodynamics of the dense confining fuel shell is of great importance in defining the behaviour of the burning plasma and burn propagation regimes of inertial confinement fusion experiments. However, it is difficult to probe due to its…
Fitting the thermal X-ray spectra of neutron stars (NSs) in quiescent X-ray binaries can constrain the masses and radii of NSs. The effect of undetected hot spots on the spectrum, and thus on the inferred NS mass and radius, has not yet…
X-ray emission is a common feature of all varieties of isolated neutron stars (INS) and, thanks to the advent of sensitive instruments with good spectroscopic, timing, and imaging capabilities, X-ray observations have become an essential…
The SPIDER experiment, part of the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) at Consorzio RFX (Padua, Italy), is the prototype of the negative ion source for the ITER neutral beam injectors; the source is coupled to a 100 kV three-grid acceleration…
This study presents the first ion temperature (\(T_i\)) measurements from the MAST-U divertor using a Retarding Field Energy Analyzer (RFEA). Embedded within the flat tile of the closed divertor chamber, the RFEA captures \(T_i\) profiles…
For experiments that require a quantum system to be in the ultra-cold regime, laser cooling is an essential tool. While techniques for laser cooling ions and neutral atoms have been refined and temperatures below the Doppler limit have been…
The "Magnificent Seven" (M7) are a group of radio-quiet Isolated Neutron Stars (INSs) discovered in the soft X-rays through their purely thermal surface emission. Owing to the large inferred magnetic fields ($B\approx 10^{13}$ G), radiation…
Understanding the behaviour of the confined fast ions is important in both current and future fusion experiments. These ions play a key role in heating the plasma and will be crucial for achieving conditions for burning plasma in next-step…
Collective effects, such as waves and instabilities, are integral to our understanding of most plasma phenomena. We have been able to study these in ultracold neutral plasmas by shaping the initial density distribution through spatial…
The paper presents a detailed description of a neutral particle analyzer designed and produced for plasma diagnostics on the spherical tokamak ST40. The aim of the diagnostic is to measure both the bulk ion temperature in the range from 0.5…
Matrix isolation spectroscopy enables probing atomic properties in controlled cryogenic environments. We present a spectroscopic study on neutral barium atoms embedded in a neon cryogenic crystal at 6.8 K, extending previous investigations…
We present a space and time resolved interferometric plasma diagnostic for use on plasmas where neutral-bound electron contribution to the refractive index cannot be neglected. By recording simultaneously the plasma optical index at 532 and…
Relativistic electron beam transport through a high-density, magnetized plasma is studied numerically and theoretically. An electron beam injected into a cold plasma excites Weibel and two-stream instabilities that heat the beam and…
We describe laser systems for photoionization, Doppler cooling and quantum state manipulation of beryllium ions. For photoionization of neutral beryllium, we have developed a continuous-wave 235 nm source obtained by two stages of frequency…
As a simple cubic system with only one f electron per cerium ion, CeB6 is of model character to investigate the interplay of orbital phenomena with magnetism. It is also a textbook example of a compound that exhibits magnetically hidden…
When the neutral interstellar medium is exposed to EUV and soft X ray radiation, the argon atoms in it are far more susceptible to being ionized than the hydrogen atoms. We make use of this fact to determine the level of ionization in the…
A new instrument for high resolution imaging of fast-neutrons is presented here. It is designed for energy selective radiography in nanosecond-pulsed broad-energy (1 - 10 MeV) neutron beams. The device presented here is based on hydrogenous…
Understanding melting in metals is a hot topic of present research. This may be accomplished by pumping the system with infrared (IR) laser radiation, and probing it with hard X-rays produced by an X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL). In this…
During 2014 the second experimental area EAR2 was completed at the n-TOF neutron beam facility at CERN. As the neutrons are produced via spallation, by means of a high-intensity 20 GeV pulsed proton beam impinging on a thick target, the…