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Protecting privileged communications and data from inadvertent disclosure is a paramount task in the US legal practice. Traditionally counsels rely on keyword searching and manual review to identify privileged documents in cases. As data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Haozhen Zhao , Shi Ye , Jingchao Yang

We develop four versions of GreekLegalRoBERTa, which are four large language models trained on Greek legal and nonlegal text. We show that our models surpass the performance of GreekLegalBERT, Greek- LegalBERT-v2, and GreekBERT in two tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Vasileios Saketos , Despina-Athanasia Pantazi , Manolis Koubarakis

In this paper, we consider the task of retrieving documents with predefined topics from an unlabeled document dataset using an unsupervised approach. The proposed unsupervised approach requires only a small number of keywords describing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Tim Schopf , Daniel Braun , Florian Matthes

Predicting the judgment of a legal case from its unannotated case facts is a challenging task. The lengthy and non-uniform document structure poses an even greater challenge in extracting information for decision prediction. In this work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufiq Dkaki

Large language models (LLMs) have shown a remarkable ability to generalize beyond their pre-training data, and fine-tuning LLMs can elevate performance to human-level and beyond. However, in real-world scenarios, lacking labeled data often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Tzu-Hsuan Chou , Chun-Nan Chou

Many important classification problems in the real-world consist of a large number of closely related categories in a hierarchical structure or taxonomy. Hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMTC) with higher accuracy over large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Pengfei Gao , Jingpeng Zhao , Yinglong Ma , Ahmad Tanvir , Beihong Jin

Language Models (LMs) such as BERT, have been shown to perform well on the task of identifying Named Entities (NE) in text. A BERT LM is typically used as a classifier to classify individual tokens in the input text, or to classify spans of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Edward Whittaker , Ikuo Kitagishi

While BERT is an effective method for learning monolingual sentence embeddings for semantic similarity and embedding based transfer learning BERT based cross-lingual sentence embeddings have yet to be explored. We systematically investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jingshu Liu , Raheel Qader , Gaëtan Caillaut , Mariam Nakhlé

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in specific domain like tourism remains challenging due to the prohibitive cost of annotated benchmarks and persistent issues like hallucinations. We propose $\textbf{L}$able-Free…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ruiyan Qi , Congding Wen , Weibo Zhou , Jiwei Li , Shangsong Liang , Lingbo Li

Neural text classification models typically treat output labels as categorical variables which lack description and semantics. This forces their parametrization to be dependent on the label set size, and, hence, they are unable to scale to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Nikolaos Pappas , James Henderson

We propose a comprehensive study of one-stage elicitation techniques for querying a large pre-trained generative transformer (GPT-3.5-turbo) in the rhetorical role prediction task of legal cases. This task is known as requiring textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Anas Belfathi , Nicolas Hernandez , Laura Monceaux

In this study, we leverage LLM to enhance the semantic analysis and develop similarity metrics for texts, addressing the limitations of traditional unsupervised NLP metrics like ROUGE and BLEU. We develop a framework where LLMs such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Shaochen Xu , Zihao Wu , Huaqin Zhao , Peng Shu , Zhengliang Liu , Wenxiong Liao , Sheng Li , Andrea Sikora , Tianming Liu , Xiang Li

Purpose: In this paper, we present an automated method for article classification, leveraging the power of Large Language Models (LLM). The primary focus is on the field of ophthalmology, but the model is extendable to other fields.…

We introduce a method for efficient multi-label text classification with large language models (LLMs), built on reformulating classification tasks as sequences of dichotomic (yes/no) decisions. Instead of generating all labels in a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Mikołaj Langner , Jan Eliasz , Ewa Rudnicka , Jan Kocoń

The multi-label classification problem has generated significant interest in recent years. However, existing approaches do not adequately address two key challenges: (a) the ability to tackle problems with a large number (say millions) of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-26 Hsiang-Fu Yu , Prateek Jain , Purushottam Kar , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in handling long sequences. Some models like Gemini could even to be capable of dealing with millions of tokens. However, their performance evaluation has largely been confined to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Tianle Li , Ge Zhang , Quy Duc Do , Xiang Yue , Wenhu Chen

The amount of information stored in the form of documents on the internet has been increasing rapidly. Thus it has become a necessity to organize and maintain these documents in an optimum manner. Text classification algorithms study the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Vedangi Wagh , Snehal Khandve , Isha Joshi , Apurva Wani , Geetanjali Kale , Raviraj Joshi

Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Nikolaos Pappas , Andrei Popescu-Belis

In multi-label text classification, each textual document can be assigned with one or more labels. Due to this nature, the multi-label text classification task is often considered to be more challenging compared to the binary or multi-class…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Jingcheng Du , Qingyu Chen , Yifan Peng , Yang Xiang , Cui Tao , Zhiyong Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in NLP tasks. However, there is a paucity of studies that attempt to evaluate their performances on social media-based health-related natural language processing tasks, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yuting Guo , Anthony Ovadje , Mohammed Ali Al-Garadi , Abeed Sarker