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Existing machine learning methods for causal inference usually estimate quantities expressed via the mean of potential outcomes (e.g., average treatment effect). However, such quantities do not capture the full information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Valentyn Melnychuk , Dennis Frauen , Stefan Feuerriegel

Flow-based deep generative models learn data distributions by transforming a simple base distribution into a complex distribution via a set of invertible transformations. Due to the invertibility, such models can score unseen data samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Maximilian Schmidt , Marko Simic

Numerous applications of machine learning involve representing probability distributions over high-dimensional data. We propose autoregressive quantile flows, a flexible class of normalizing flow models trained using a novel objective based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Phillip Si , Allan Bishop , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Normalizing flows can transform a simple prior probability distribution into a more complex target distribution. Here, we evaluate the ability and efficiency of generative machine learning methods to sample the Boltzmann distribution of an…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-16 Gerhard Jung , Giulio Biroli , Ludovic Berthier

Wavelet transformation stands as a cornerstone in modern data analysis and signal processing. Its mathematical essence is an invertible transformation that discerns slow patterns from fast ones in the frequency domain. Such an invertible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Shuo-Hui Li

Sampling from unnormalized densities is analogous to the generative modeling problem, but the target distribution is defined by a known energy function instead of data samples. Because evaluating the energy function is often costly, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Aaron Havens , Brian Karrer , Neta Shaul

Emerging sampling algorithms based on normalizing flows have the potential to solve ergodicity problems in lattice calculations. Furthermore, it has been noted that flows can be used to compute thermodynamic quantities which are difficult…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-10-02 Jan M. Pawlowski , Julian M. Urban

We introduce graph normalizing flows: a new, reversible graph neural network model for prediction and generation. On supervised tasks, graph normalizing flows perform similarly to message passing neural networks, but at a significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Jenny Liu , Aviral Kumar , Jimmy Ba , Jamie Kiros , Kevin Swersky

We propose a neural hybrid model consisting of a linear model defined on a set of features computed by a deep, invertible transformation (i.e. a normalizing flow). An attractive property of our model is that both p(features), the density of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Eric Nalisnick , Akihiro Matsukawa , Yee Whye Teh , Dilan Gorur , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Flow-based generative models are an important class of exact inference models that admit efficient inference and sampling for image synthesis. Owing to the efficiency constraints on the design of the flow layers, e.g. split coupling flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Shweta Mahajan , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele , Stefan Roth

Image reconstruction from computed tomography (CT) measurement is a challenging statistical inverse problem since a high-dimensional conditional distribution needs to be estimated. Based on training data obtained from high-quality…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-12 Alexander Denker , Maximilian Schmidt , Johannes Leuschner , Peter Maass , Jens Behrmann

This thesis presents novel contributions in two primary areas: advancing the efficiency of generative models, particularly normalizing flows, and applying generative models to solve real-world computer vision challenges. The first part…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sandeep Nagar

Estimating density ratios between pairs of intractable data distributions is a core problem in probabilistic modeling, enabling principled comparisons of sample likelihoods under different data-generating processes across conditions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Egor Antipov , Alessandro Palma , Lorenzo Consoli , Stephan Günnemann , Andrea Dittadi , Fabian J. Theis

Flow-based generative models have recently become one of the most efficient approaches to model data generation. Indeed, they are constructed with a sequence of invertible and tractable transformations. Glow first introduced a simple type…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Thanh-Dat Truong , Khoa Luu , Chi Nhan Duong , Ngan Le , Minh-Triet Tran

To enhance low-light images to normally-exposed ones is highly ill-posed, namely that the mapping relationship between them is one-to-many. Previous works based on the pixel-wise reconstruction losses and deterministic processes fail to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-14 Yufei Wang , Renjie Wan , Wenhan Yang , Haoliang Li , Lap-Pui Chau , Alex C. Kot

Normalising flows are generative models that transform a complex density into a simpler density through the use of bijective transformations enabling both density estimation and data generation from a single model. %However, the requirement…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Eshant English , Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert

We present a generative model that is defined on finite sets of exchangeable, potentially high dimensional, data. As the architecture is an extension of RealNVPs, it inherits all its favorable properties, such as being invertible and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Kashif Rasul , Ingmar Schuster , Roland Vollgraf , Urs Bergmann

Normalising Flows are non-parametric statistical models characterised by their dual capabilities of density estimation and generation. This duality requires an inherently invertible architecture. However, the requirement of invertibility…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Eshant English , Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert

We propose injective generative models called Trumpets that generalize invertible normalizing flows. The proposed generators progressively increase dimension from a low-dimensional latent space. We demonstrate that Trumpets can be trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Konik Kothari , AmirEhsan Khorashadizadeh , Maarten de Hoop , Ivan Dokmanić

Generative flows are promising tractable models for density modeling that define probabilistic distributions with invertible transformations. However, tractability imposes architectural constraints on generative flows, making them less…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-23 Jianfei Chen , Cheng Lu , Biqi Chenli , Jun Zhu , Tian Tian