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We consider networked control systems consisting of multiple independent controlled subsystems, operating over a shared communication network. Such systems are ubiquitous in cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, and large-scale…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Burak Demirel , Arunselvan Ramaswamy , Daniel E. Quevedo , Holger Karl

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has accelerated the transition from conversational chatbots to general agents. However, effectively balancing empathetic communication with budget-aware decision-making remains an open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Yuqin Dai , Ling Shi , Ziyin Wang , Yujie Wang , Wei He , Jinpeng Wang , Chaozheng Wang

In this letter, we explore the communication-control co-design of discrete-time stochastic linear systems through reinforcement learning. Specifically, we examine a closed-loop system involving two sequential decision-makers: a scheduler…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Shubham Aggarwal , Dipankar Maity , Tamer Başar

Despite intensive efforts devoted to tool learning, the problem of budget-constrained tool learning, which focuses on resolving user queries within a specific budget constraint, has been widely overlooked. This paper proposes a novel method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yuanhang Zheng , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

For decades, system administrators have been striving to design and tune cluster scheduling policies to improve the performance of high performance computing (HPC) systems. However, the increasingly complex HPC systems combined with highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Yuping Fan , Zhiling Lan

Many studies have applied reinforcement learning to train a dialog policy and show great promise these years. One common approach is to employ a user simulator to obtain a large number of simulated user experiences for reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Ryuichi Takanobu , Runze Liang , Minlie Huang

This research considers the ranking and selection with input uncertainty. The objective is to maximize the posterior probability of correctly selecting the best alternative under a fixed simulation budget, where each alternative is measured…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-15 Hui Xiao , Zhihong Wei

Goal-Oriented (GO) Dialogue Systems, colloquially known as goal oriented chatbots, help users achieve a predefined goal (e.g. book a movie ticket) within a closed domain. A first step is to understand the user's goal by using natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Vladimir Ilievski

Standard deep reinforcement learning methods such as Deep Q-Networks (DQN) for multiple tasks (domains) face scalability problems. We propose a method for multi-domain dialogue policy learning---termed NDQN, and apply it to an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Heriberto Cuayáhuitl , Seunghak Yu , Ashley Williamson , Jacob Carse

With the advances in deep learning, tremendous progress has been made with chit-chat dialogue systems and task-oriented dialogue systems. However, these two systems are often tackled separately in current methods. To achieve more natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Xinyan Zhao , Bin He , Yasheng Wang , Yitong Li , Fei Mi , Yajiao Liu , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Huanhuan Chen

We study budget-constrained tool-augmented agents, where a large language model must solve multi-step tasks by invoking external tools under a strict monetary budget. We formalize this setting as sequential decision making in context space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hanbing Liu , Chunhao Tian , Nan An , Ziyuan Wang , Pinyan Lu , Changyuan Yu , Qi Qi

This paper proposes a novel end-to-end architecture for task-oriented dialogue systems. It is based on a simple and practical yet very effective sequence-to-sequence approach, where language understanding and state tracking tasks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Lei Shu , Piero Molino , Mahdi Namazifar , Hu Xu , Bing Liu , Huaixiu Zheng , Gokhan Tur

We present a new algorithm that significantly improves the efficiency of exploration for deep Q-learning agents in dialogue systems. Our agents explore via Thompson sampling, drawing Monte Carlo samples from a Bayes-by-Backprop neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Zachary Lipton , Xiujun Li , Jianfeng Gao , Lihong Li , Faisal Ahmed , Li Deng

In spoken dialogue systems, we aim to deploy artificial intelligence to build automated dialogue agents that can converse with humans. A part of this effort is the policy optimisation task, which attempts to find a policy describing how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Gellért Weisz , Paweł Budzianowski , Pei-Hao Su , Milica Gašić

In most practical settings and theoretical analyses, one assumes that a model can be trained until convergence. However, the growing complexity of machine learning datasets and models may violate such assumptions. Indeed, current approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Mengtian Li , Ersin Yumer , Deva Ramanan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have leveraged increased test-time computation to enhance reasoning capabilities, a strategy that, while effective, incurs significant latency and resource costs, limiting their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Hao Wen , Xinrui Wu , Yi Sun , Feifei Zhang , Liye Chen , Jie Wang , Yunxin Liu , Yunhao Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

We present a new algorithm that significantly improves the efficiency of exploration for deep Q-learning agents in dialogue systems. Our agents explore via Thompson sampling, drawing Monte Carlo samples from a Bayes-by-Backprop neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Zachary C. Lipton , Xiujun Li , Jianfeng Gao , Lihong Li , Faisal Ahmed , Li Deng

In this paper, we present a neural network based task-oriented dialogue system that can be optimized end-to-end with deep reinforcement learning (RL). The system is able to track dialogue state, interface with knowledge bases, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Bing Liu , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Pararth Shah , Larry Heck

This paper presents an end-to-end framework for task-oriented dialog systems using a variant of Deep Recurrent Q-Networks (DRQN). The model is able to interface with a relational database and jointly learn policies for both language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-19 Tiancheng Zhao , Maxine Eskenazi

We present a novel method for training a social robot to generate backchannels during human-robot interaction. We address the problem within an off-policy reinforcement learning framework, and show how a robot may learn to produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Nusrah Hussain , Engin Erzin , T. Metin Sezgin , Yucel Yemez