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The principle of allocating an equal number of patients to each arm in a randomized controlled trial remains widely believed to be optimal for maximising statistical power. However, this long-held belief only holds true if the treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-15 Lukas Pin , Stef Baas , David S. Robertson , Sofía S. Villar

We study a decision-maker's problem of finding optimal monetary incentive schemes for retention when faced with agents whose participation decisions (stochastically) depend on the incentive they receive. Our focus is on policies constrained…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Daniel Freund , Chamsi Hssaine

For many online problems, it is known that the uniform arrival order enables the design of algorithms with much better performance guarantees than under worst-case. The quintessential example is the secretary problem. If the sequence of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Thomas Kesselheim , Robert Kleinberg , Rad Niazadeh

This paper considers the hidden-action model of the principal-agent problem, in which a principal incentivizes an agent to work on a project using a contract. We investigate whether contracts with bounded payments are learnable and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Yurong Chen , Zhaohua Chen , Xiaotie Deng , Zhiyi Huang

We resolve a long-standing open question, about the existence of a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the average-case \textsc{Decision Tree} problem with uniform probability distribution over the hypotheses. We answer the question…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Michał Szyfelbein

In this paper, we study the problem of estimating uniformly well the mean values of several distributions given a finite budget of samples. If the variance of the distributions were known, one could design an optimal sampling strategy by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-17 Alexandra Carpentier , Alessandro Lazaric , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Rémi Munos , Peter Auer , András Antos

Fair allocation of indivisible goods studies allocating $m$ goods among $n$ agents in a fair manner. While fairness is a fundamental requirement in many real-world applications, it often conflicts with (economic) efficiency. This raises a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xiaolin Bu , Zihao Li , Shengxin Liu , Jiaxin Song , Biaoshuai Tao

A canonical setting for non-monetary online resource allocation is one where agents compete over multiple rounds for a single item per round, with i.i.d. valuations and additive utilities across rounds. With $n$ symmetric agents, a natural…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 David X. Lin , Giannis Fikioris , Siddhartha Banerjee , Éva Tardos

The emergent behavior of a distributed system is conditioned by the information available to the local decision-makers. Therefore, one may expect that providing decision-makers with more information will improve system performance; in this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Bryce L. Ferguson , Dario Paccagnan , Jason R. Marden

We study a dynamic allocation problem in which $T$ sequentially arriving divisible resources are to be allocated to a number of agents with linear utilities. The marginal utilities of each resource to the agents are drawn stochastically…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Santiago R. Balseiro , Shangzhou Xia

The consensus problem in distributed computing involves a network of agents aiming to compute the average of their initial vectors through local communication, represented by an undirected graph. This paper focuses on the studying of this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Nhat Trung Nguyen , Alexander Rogozin , Alexander Gasnikov

We explore solutions for fairly allocating indivisible items among agents assigned weights representing their entitlements. Our fairness goal is weighted-envy-freeness (WEF), where each agent deems their allocated portion relative to their…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Noga Klein Elmalem , Rica Gonen , Erel Segal-Halevi

We consider the fundamental scenario where a single item is to be sold to one of two agents. Both agents draw their valuation for the item from the same probability distribution. However, only one of them submits a bid to the mechanism. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ioannis Caragiannis , Georgios Kalantzis

Many decision-making processes involve evaluating and then selecting items; examples include scientific peer review, job hiring, school admissions, and investment decisions. The eventual selection is performed by applying rules or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Alexander Goldberg , Giulia Fanti , Nihar B. Shah

We consider the classical mathematical economics problem of {\em Bayesian optimal mechanism design} where a principal aims to optimize expected revenue when allocating resources to self-interested agents with preferences drawn from a known…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-01-15 Shuchi Chawla , Jason Hartline , David Malec , Balasubramanian Sivan

The classic house allocation problem is primarily concerned with finding a matching between a set of agents and a set of houses that guarantees some notion of economic efficiency (e.g. utilitarian welfare). While recent works have shifted…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hadi Hosseini , Medha Kumar , Sanjukta Roy

Fair division of indivisible goods is a very well-studied problem. The goal of this problem is to distribute $m$ goods to $n$ agents in a "fair" manner, where every agent has a valuation for each subset of goods. We assume general…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Bhaskar Ray Chaudhury , Tellikepalli Kavitha , Kurt Mehlhorn , Alkmini Sgouritsa

While sequential task assignment for a single agent has been widely studied, such problems in a multi-agent setting, where the agents have heterogeneous task preferences or capabilities, remain less well-characterized. We study a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Qinshuang Wei , Vaibhav Srivastava , Vijay Gupta

This paper considers the problem of randomly assigning a set of objects to a set of agents based on the ordinal preferences of agents. We generalize the well-known immediate acceptance algorithm to the afore-mentioned random environments…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-04-20 Yajing Chen , Patrick Harless , Zhenhua Jiao

We investigate the complexity of approximately counting stable roommate assignments in two models: (i) the $k$-attribute model, in which the preference lists are determined by dot products of "preference vectors" with "attribute vectors"…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-04-20 Prasad Chebolu , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Russell Martin