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The orbital distribution of giant planets is crucial for understanding how terrestrial planets form and predicting yields of exoplanet surveys. Here, we derive giant planets occurrence rates as a function of orbital period by taking into…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 Rachel B. Fernandes , Gijs D. Mulders , Ilaria Pascucci , Christoph Mordasini , Alexandre Emsenhuber

We present empirical evidence, supported by a planet formation model, to show that the curve $R/R_\oplus = 1.05\,(F/F_\oplus)^{0.11}$ approximates the location of the so-called photo-evaporation valley. Planets below that curve are likely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-24 Daniel Carrera , Eric B. Ford , Andre Izidoro , Daniel Jontof-Hutter , Sean N. Raymond , Angie Wolfgang

The nature of sub-Neptunes remains unknown due to degeneracies in interior structure solutions. However, a statistical set of small planets with measured masses and radii can be used to test the planet formation theory prediction of large…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Remo Burn , Komal Bali , Caroline Dorn , Rafael Luque , Simon L. Grimm

Studies of exoplanet demographics require large samples and precise constraints on exoplanet host stars. Using the homogeneous Kepler stellar properties derived using Gaia Data Release 2 by Berger et al. (2020), we re-compute Kepler planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-19 Travis A. Berger , Daniel Huber , Eric Gaidos , Jennifer L. van Saders , Lauren M. Weiss

The exoplanet mass radius diagram reveals that super Earths display a wide range of radii, and therefore mean densities, at a given mass. Using planet population synthesis models, we explore the key physical factors that shape this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 Matthew Alessi , Julie Inglis , Ralph E. Pudritz

We present results from a quantitative spectroscopic analysis conducted on archival Keck/HIRES high-resolution spectra from the California-$Kepler$ Survey (CKS) sample of transiting planetary host stars identified from the $Kepler$ mission.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 Cintia F. Martinez , Katia Cunha , Luan Ghezzi , Verne V. Smith

Atmospheric and dynamical processes are thought to play a major role in shaping the distribution of close-in exoplanets. A striking feature of such distribution is the Neptunian desert, a dearth of Neptunes on the shortest-period orbits. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-17 A. Castro-González , V. Bourrier , J. Lillo-Box , J. -B. Delisle , D. J. Armstrong , D. Barrado , A. C. M. Correia

The low mean densities of sub-Neptunes imply that they formed within a few million years and accreted primordial envelopes. Because these planets receive a total X-ray and extreme ultra-violet flux that is comparable to the gravitational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-29 Isaac Malsky , Leslie Rogers , Eliza M. R. Kempton , Nadejda Marounina

We calculate and analyze the distribution of period ratios observed in systems of Kepler exoplanet candidates including studies of both adjacent planet pairs and all planet pairs. These distributions account for both the geometrical bias…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Jason H. Steffen , Jason A. Hwang

We employ planetary evolution modeling to reproduce the MR distribution of the 198 so far detected planets with mass and radius measured to the <45% and <15% level, respectively, and less massive than 108Me. We simultaneously account for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-28 Daria Kubyshkina , Luca Fossati

Inverse techniques are used to extract information about an exoplanet's atmosphere. These techniques are prone to biased results if the appropriate forward model is not used. One assumption used in a forward model is to assume that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-30 Jake Taylor

The planet's mass loss is important for the planet's formation and evolution. The radius valley (RV) is believed to be triggered by evaporation-induced mass loss. As an alternative mechanism for the RV, the mass loss of post-impact planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-05 Wei Zhong , Cong Yu , Shi Jia , Shang-Fei Liu

(Abridged) Inspired by the Kepler planet discoveries, we consider the thermal contraction of planets close to their parent star, under the influence of evaporation. The mass-loss rates are based on hydrodynamic models of evaporation that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 James E. Owen , Yanqin Wu

Structure in the planet distribution provides an insight into the processes that shape the formation and evolution of planets. The Kepler mission has led to an abundance of statistical discoveries in regards to planetary radius, but the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-24 David J. Armstrong , Farzana Meru , Daniel Bayliss , Grant M. Kennedy , Dimitri Veras

The Kepler satellite has revealed a gap between sub-Neptunes and super-Earths that atmospheric escape models had predicted as an evaporation valley. We seek to contrast results from a simple XUV-driven energy-limited (ELIM) escape model…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-23 Lukas Affolter , Christoph Mordasini , Apurva V. Oza , Daria Kubyshkina , Luca Fossati

The two most common techniques for measuring planetary masses - the radial velocity (RV) and the transit timing variations (TTVs) techniques - have been observed to yield systematically different masses for planets of similar radii.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 Sean M. Mills , Tsevi Mazeh

In the conventional approach to decomposing a rotation curve into a set of contributions from mass model components, the measurements of the rotation curve at different radii are taken to be independent. It is clear, however, that radial…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-21 Kyle A. Oman , Alexander H. Riley

The increasing number of super-Earths close to their host stars revealed a scarcity of close-in small planets with 1.5-2.0$\,R_\oplus$ in the radius distribution of ${\it Kepler}$ planets. The atmospheric escape of super-Earths by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-06 Naho Fujita , Yasunori Hori , Takanori Sasaki

Many exoplanets have been discovered with radii of 1-4 Earth radii, between that of Earth and Neptune. A number of these are known to have densities consistent with solid compositions, while others are "sub-Neptunes" likely to have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Alex R. Howe , Adam S. Burrows , Wesley Verne

We investigate the distributions of the orbital period ratios of adjacent planets in high multiplicity \kepler\ systems (four or more planets) and low multiplicity systems (two planets). Modeling the low multiplicity sample as essentially…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Jason H. Steffen