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Related papers: Examining the Radius Valley: a Machine Learning Ap…

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Recent astronomical observations obtained with the Kepler and TESS missions and their related ground-based follow-ups revealed an abundance of exoplanets with a size intermediate between Earth and Neptune. A low occurrence rate of planets…

While recent planet-formation models broadly reproduce the observed population of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes, as well as the bimodal radius distribution (the ``radius valley''), it remains unclear whether all these planets share a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-27 Sho Shibata , Andre Izidoro

The Kepler mission enabled us to look at the intrinsic population of exoplanets within our galaxy. In period-radius space, the distribution of the intrinsic population of planets contains structure that can trace planet formation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-24 Anne Dattilo , Natalie M. Batalha

The demographics of Kepler planets provide a key testbed for models of planet formation and evolution, particularly for explaining the radius valley separating super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. A primordial interpretation based on differences…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-13 Aritra Chakrabarty , Gijs D. Mulders , Artyom Aguichine , Natalie Batalha

The observed radii distribution of {\it Kepler} exoplanets reveals two distinct populations: those that are more likely to be terrestrials ($\lesssim1.7R_\oplus$) and those that are more likely to be gas-enveloped ($\gtrsim2R_\oplus$).…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-17 Eve J. Lee , Nicholas J. Connors

The distribution of small planet radius ($<$4 R$_\oplus$) is an indicator of the underlying processes governing planet formation and evolution. We investigate the correlation between the radius distribution of exoplanets in \textit{Kepler}…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-29 David R. Rice , Jason H. Steffen , Allona Vazan

The dearth of planets with sizes around 1.8 $\mathrm{R_\oplus}$ is a key demographic feature discovered by the $Kepler$ mission. Two theories have emerged as potential explanations for this valley: photoevaporation and core-powered…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-02 Travis A. Berger , Joshua E. Schlieder , Daniel Huber , Thomas Barclay

Recent observations identify a valley in the radius distribution of small exoplanets, with planets in the range $1.5-2.0\,{\rm R}_{\oplus}$ significantly less common than somewhat smaller or larger planets. This valley may suggest a bimodal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-07 Sivan Ginzburg , Hilke E. Schlichting , Re'em Sari

Recent studies have shown that atmospheric mass-loss powered by the cooling luminosity of a planet's core can explain the observed radius valley separating super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, even without photoevaporation. In this work, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-12 Akash Gupta , Hilke E. Schlichting

Several planet formation models have been proposed to explain the gap in the population of planets between $1.8$ $R_\oplus$ to $2.0$ $R_\oplus$ known as the Radius Valley. To apply these models to confirmed exoplanets, accurate and precise…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-12 David Jordan , Inseok Song

Radial-velocity planet search campaigns are now beginning to detect low-mass "Super-Earth" planets, with minimum masses M sin i < 10 M_earth. Using two independently-developed methods, we have derived detection limits from nearly four years…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Robert A. Wittenmyer , Simon J. O'Toole , H. R. A. Jones , C. G. Tinney , R. P. Butler , B. D. Carter , J. Bailey

Close-in planets smaller than Neptune form two distinct populations composed of rocky super-Earths and sub-Neptunes that may host primordial H/He envelopes. The origin of the radius valley separating these two planet populations remains an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-24 Madison VanWyngarden , Ryan Cloutier

The size distribution of planets with radii between 1 and $4 R_\oplus$ peaks near 1.4 and $2.2R_\oplus$, with a dip around $1.8 R_\oplus$ -- the so-called "radius valley." Recent statistical analyses suggest that planets within this valley…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-02 Sho Shibata , Andre Izidoro

Interesting emerging observational properties of the period-mass distribution of extra-solar planets are discussed. New recent detections confirm the already emphasized lack of massive planets (m_2sini>=2M_Jup) on short-period orbits…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. Udry , M. Mayor , N. C. Santos

The Kepler-observed distribution of planet sizes have revealed two distinct patterns: (1) a radius valley separating super-Earths and sub-Neptunes and (2) a preference for intra-system size similarity. We present a new model for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Matthias Y. He , Eric B. Ford

Mass and radius are two fundamental properties for characterising exoplanets, but only for a relatively small fraction of exoplanets are they both available. Mass is often derived from radial velocity measurements, while the radius is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-09 S. Ulmer-Moll , N. C. Santos , P. Figueira , J. Brinchmann , J. P. Faria

We suggest the existence of a correlation between the planetary radius and orbital period for planets with radii smaller than 4 R_Earth. Using the Kepler data, we find a correlation coefficient of 0.5120, and suggest that the correlation is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-11 Ravit Helled , Michael Lozovsky , Shay Zucker

The growing number of exoplanet discoveries and advances in machine learning techniques have opened new avenues for exploring and understanding the characteristics of worlds beyond our Solar System. In this study, we employ efficient…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-29 Mahdiyar Mousavi-Sadr , Davood M. Jassur , Ghassem Gozaliasl

The photoevaporation model is one of the leading explanations for the evolution of small, close-in planets and the origin of the radius-valley. However, without planet mass measurements, it is challenging to test the photoevaporation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 James Owen , Beatriz Campos Estrada

We present a mathematical method to statistically decouple the effects of unknown inclination angles on the mass distribution of exoplanets that have been discovered using radial-velocity techniques. The method is based on the distribution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 S. Lopez , J. S. Jenkins