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In this paper we examine the concept of complexity as it applies to generative art and design. Complexity has many different, discipline specific definitions, such as complexity in physical systems (entropy), algorithmic measures of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Jon McCormack , Camilo Cruz Gambardella , Andy Lomas

This is a very basic introduction to some notions related to logic and complexity.

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Stephen Semmes

Our technologies complexify our environments. Thus, new technologies need to deal with more and more complexity. Several efforts have been made to deal with this complexity using the concept of self-organization. However, in order to…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Gershenson

The science of complexity is based on a new way of thinking that stands in sharp contrast to the philosophy underlying Newtonian science, which is based on reductionism, determinism, and objective knowledge. This paper reviews the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-07-29 Francis Heylighen , Paul Cilliers , Carlos Gershenson

Measuring software complexity plays an important role to meet the demands of complex software. The cyclomatic complexity is one of most used and renowned metric among the other three proposed and researched metrics that are namely: Line of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-12-22 Ankita Garg

The best way to model, understand, and quantify the information contained in complex systems is an open question in physics, mathematics, and computer science. The uncertain relationship between entropy and complexity further complicates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Stephen Casey

One might think that, once we know something is computable, how efficiently it can be computed is a practical question with little further philosophical importance. In this essay, I offer a detailed case that one would be wrong. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-05-11 Scott Aaronson

The quest for a scientific description of consciousness has given rise to new theoretical and empirical paradigms for the investigation of phenomenological contents as well as clinical disorders of consciousness. An outstanding challenge in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-12 Xerxes D. Arsiwalla , Paul Verschure

Network or graph structures are ubiquitous in the study of complex systems. Often, we are interested in complexity trends of these system as it evolves under some dynamic. An example might be looking at the complexity of a food web as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Russell K. Standish

There is no single universally accepted definition of "Complexity". There are several perspectives on complexity and what constitutes complex behaviour or complex systems, as opposed to regular, predictable behaviour and simple systems. In…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-01-17 Nithin Nagaraj , Karthi Balasubramanian

We present several philosophical ideas emerging from the studies of complex systems. We make a brief introduction to the basic concepts of complex systems, for then defining "abstraction levels". These are useful for representing…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Gershenson

Complex systems' modeling and simulation are powerful ways to investigate a multitude of natural phenomena providing extended knowledge on their structure and behavior. However, enhanced modeling and simulation require integration of…

A good process model is expected not only to reflect the behavior of the process, but also to be as easy to read and understand as possible. Because preferences vary across different applications, numerous measures provide ways to reflect…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Patrizia Schalk , Adam Burke , Robert Lorenz

Several approaches and corresponding definitions of complexity have been developed in different fields. Urban systems are the archetype of complex socio-technical systems concerned with these different viewpoints. We suggest in this chapter…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Juste Raimbault

Computer systems have evolved over the years starting from sizable, single-user, slow, and expensive machines to multi-user, fast, cheaper, and small-sized machines. The use of multi-user computer networks has given rise to a new paradigm…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Aneesh Khole , Atharva Thakar , Avadhoot Kulkarni , Hrithik Jadhav , Shreyas Shende , Varad Karajkhede

Tourism destinations behave as dynamic evolving complex systems, encompassing numerous factors and activities which are interdependent and whose relationships might be highly nonlinear. Traditional research in this field has looked after a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodolfo Baggio

This chapter presents a brief review of complexity research in mathematics education. We argue how research on complexity, as it pertains to mathematics education, can be viewed as an epistemological discourse, an historical discourse, a…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-05-22 Brent Davis , Pratim Sengupta

This paper explores the issues around the construction of large-scale complex systems which are built as 'systems of systems' and suggests that there are fundamental reasons, derived from the inherent complexity in these systems, why our…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-09-16 Ian Sommerville , Dave Cliff , Radu Calinescu , Justin Keen , Tim Kelly , Marta Kwiatkowska , John McDermid , Richard Paige

The complexity of quantum computation remains poorly understood. While physicists attempt to find ways to create quantum computers, we still do not have much evidence one way or the other as to how useful these machines will be. The tools…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lance Fortnow

The global availability of communication services makes it possible to interconnect independently developed systems, called constituent systems, to provide new synergistic services and more efficient economic processes. The characteristics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Hermann Kopetz