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Stackelberg games are a classic example of bilevel optimization problems, which are often encountered in game theory and economics. These are complex problems with a hierarchical structure, where one optimization task is nested within the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-25 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Anton Frantsev , Kalyanmoy Deb

We study a Stackelberg variant of the classical discrete-time Dynkin game, in which Player 1 (the leader) commits to a stopping strategy first and Player 2 (the follower) responds optimally. This leader-follower structure induces an optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Jingjie Zhang , Zhou Zhou

We present a partial operator-theoretic characterization of approachability principle and based on this characterization, we interpret a particular distributed payoff allocation algorithm to be a sequence of time-varying paracontractions.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-02 Aitazaz Ali Raja , Sergio Grammatico

This paper examines equilibria in dynamic two-sided matching games, extending Gale and Shapley's foundational model to a non-cooperative, decentralized, and dynamic framework. We focus on markets where agents have utility functions and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-12-02 Nadia Guiñazú , Pablo Neme , Jorge Oviedo

Ensuring robust decision-making in multi-agent systems is challenging when agents have distinct, possibly conflicting objectives and lack full knowledge of each other's strategies. This is apparent in safety-critical applications such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Francesco Bianchin , Robert Lefringhausen , Elisa Gaetan , Samuel Tesfazgi , Sandra Hirche

Studying social dilemmas prompts the question of how cooperation can emerge in situations where individuals are expected to act selfishly. Here, in the framework of the one-shot Public Goods Game (PGG), we introduce the concept that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-09 Lucas S. Flores , The Anh Han

We consider a dynamic social network model in which agents play repeated games in pairings determined by a stochastically evolving social network. Individual agents begin to interact at random, with the interactions modeled as games. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Brian Skyrms , Robin Pemantle

We study limited strategic leadership. A collection of subsets covering the leader's action space determines her commitment opportunities. We characterize the outcomes resulting from all possible commitment structures of this kind. If the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-02-20 Jacopo Bizzotto , Toomas Hinnosaar , Adrien Vigier

In two-player finite-state stochastic games of partial observation on graphs, in every state of the graph, the players simultaneously choose an action, and their joint actions determine a probability distribution over the successor states.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-07-13 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Laurent Doyen

We provide a general approach to reformulating any continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg differential game under closed-loop strategies as a single-level optimisation problem with target constraints. More precisely, we consider a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Camilo Hernández , Nicolás Hernández Santibáñez , Emma Hubert , Dylan Possamaï

We consider a scenario in which leaders are required to recruit teams of followers. Each leader cannot recruit all followers, but interaction is constrained according to a bipartite network. The objective for each leader is to reach a state…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Lorenzo Coviello , Massimo Franceschetti

When deployed in the world, a learning agent such as a recommender system or a chatbot often repeatedly interacts with another learning agent (such as a user) over time. In many such two-agent systems, each agent learns separately and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Kate Donahue , Nicole Immorlica , Meena Jagadeesan , Brendan Lucier , Aleksandrs Slivkins

This paper studies two important signal processing aspects of equilibrium behavior in non-cooperative games arising in social networks, namely, reinforcement learning and detection of equilibrium play. The first part of the paper presents a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-07 Omid Namvar Gharehshiran , William Hoiles , Vikram Krishnamurthy

A generalized model of games is proposed, in which cooperative games and non-cooperative games are special cases. Some games that are neither cooperative nor non-cooperative can be expressed and analyzed. The model is based on relationships…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Jiawei Li

We derive a class of macroscopic differential equations that describe collective adaptation, starting from a discrete-time stochastic microscopic model. The behavior of each agent is a dynamic balance between adaptation that locally…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-05-15 Yuzuru Sato , Eizo Akiyama , James P. Crutchfield

We study a class of finite-action disclosure games in which the sender's preferences are state-independent and the receiver's optimal action depends only on the expected state. While receiver-preferred equilibria in these games involve full…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-06 Denis Shishkin , Maria Titova , Kun Zhang

We introduce novel multi-agent interaction models of entropic spatially inhomogeneous evolutionary undisclosed games and their quasi-static limits. These evolutions vastly generalize first and second order dynamics. Besides the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-10 Mauro Bonafini , Massimo Fornasier , Bernhard Schmitzer

Altruistic cooperation is costly yet socially desirable. As a result, agents struggle to learn cooperative policies through independent reinforcement learning (RL). Indirect reciprocity, where agents consider their interaction partner's…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Martin Smit , Fernando P. Santos

Leader-follower general-sum stochastic games (LF-GSSGs) model sequential decision-making under asymmetric commitment, where a leader commits to a policy and a follower best responds, yielding a strong Stackelberg equilibrium (SSE) with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jilles Steeve Dibangoye , Thibaut Le Marre , Ocan Sankur , François Schwarzentruber

Real world applications such as economics and policy making often involve solving multi-agent games with two unique features: (1) The agents are inherently asymmetric and partitioned into leaders and followers; (2) The agents have different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Yu Bai , Chi Jin , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong