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Many software metrics are designed to measure aspects that are believed to be related to software quality. Static software metrics, e.g., size, complexity and coupling are used in defect prediction research as well as software quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alexander Trautsch , Johannes Erbel , Steffen Herbold , Jens Grabowski

Test smells are known as bad development practices that reflect poor design and implementation choices in software tests. Over the last decade, test smells were heavily studied to measure their prevalence and impacts on test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Renaud Rwemalika , Sarra Habchi , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon , Marie-Claude Brasseur

Various techniques have been proposed to leverage the capabilities of code language models (CLMs) for SE tasks. While these techniques typically evaluate their effectiveness using publicly available datasets, the evaluation can be subject…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Jialun Cao , Wuqi Zhang , Shing-Chi Cheung

Software defect prediction using code metrics has been extensively researched over the past five decades. However, prediction harnessing non-software metrics is under-researched. Considering that the root cause of software defects is often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Carlos Andrés Ramírez Cataño , Makoto Itoh

Fault-proneness is a measure that indicates the possibility of programming errors occurring within a software system. On the other hand, change-proneness refers to the potential for modifications to be made to the software. Both of these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Md. Masudur Rahman , Toukir Ahammed , Kazi Sakib

In the era of large language models (LLMs), code benchmarks have become an important research area in software engineering and are widely used by practitioners. These benchmarks evaluate the performance of LLMs on specific code-related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zhiyuan Pan , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

The aims of this paper are: 1) to identify "worst smells", i.e., bad smells that never have a good reason to exist, 2) to determine the frequency, change-proneness, and severity associated with worst smells, and 3) to identify the "worst…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Davide Falessi , Rick Kazman

Context: Changing a software application with many build-time configuration settings may introduce unexpected side-effects. For example, a change intended to be specific to a platform (e.g., Windows) or product configuration (e.g.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Mehran Meidani , Maxime Lamothe , Shane McIntosh

Context: Performance regressions negatively impact execution time and memory usage of software systems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematic methods to evaluate the effectiveness of performance test suites. Performance mutation…

Background: Developers spend a lot of their time on understanding source code. Static code analysis tools can draw attention to code that is difficult for developers to understand. However, most of the findings are based on non-validated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Marvin Muñoz Barón , Marvin Wyrich , Stefan Wagner

It is well-known, and often a topic of heated debates, that programs in some programming languages are more concise than in others. This is a relevant factor when comparing or aggregating volume-impacted metrics on source code written in a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Lodewijk Bergmans , Xander Schrijen , Edwin Ouwehand , Magiel Bruntink

Elixir is a new functional programming language whose popularity is rising in the industry. However, there are few works in the literature focused on studying the internal quality of systems implemented in this language. Particularly, to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Lucas Francisco da Matta Vegi , Marco Tulio Valente

Large language models (LLMs) excel in many tasks of software engineering, yet progress in leveraging them for vulnerability discovery has stalled in recent years. To understand this phenomenon, we investigate LLMs through the lens of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Felix Weissberg , Lukas Pirch , Erik Imgrund , Jonas Möller , Thorsten Eisenhofer , Konrad Rieck

Code optimization is the process of enhancing code efficiency, while preserving its intended functionality. This process often requires a deep understanding of the code execution behavior at run-time to identify and address inefficiencies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Federico Di Menna , Luca Traini , Gabriele Bavota , Vittorio Cortellessa

Bug localization is an important aspect of software maintenance because it can locate modules that should be changed to fix a specific bug. Our previous study showed that the accuracy of the information retrieval (IR)-based bug localization…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Aoi Takahashi , Natthawute Sae-Lim , Shinpei Hayashi , Motoshi Saeki

Language models have proven successful across a wide range of software engineering tasks, but their significant computational costs often hinder their practical adoption. To address this challenge, researchers have begun applying various…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Giordano d'Aloisio , Luca Traini , Federica Sarro , Antinisca Di Marco

Bad requirements quality can cause expensive consequences during the software development lifecycle, especially if iterations are long and feedback comes late. %-- the faster a problem is found, the cheaper it is to fix. This makes explicit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-29 H. Femmer , D. Méndez Fernández , S. Wagner , S. Eder

Context: Software systems are in continuous evolution through source code changes to fixing bugs, adding new functionalities and improving the internal architecture. All these practices are recorded in the version history, which can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Leandro Ungari Cayres , Bruno Santos de Lima , Rogério Eduardo Garcia

Background: Code review is a cognitively demanding and time-consuming process. Previous qualitative studies hinted at how decomposing change sets into multiple yet internally coherent ones would improve the reviewing process. So far,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Marco di Biase , Magiel Bruntink , Arie van Deursen , Alberto Bacchelli

Context: Technical Debt needs to be managed to avoid disastrous consequences, and investigating developers' habits concerning technical debt management is invaluable information in software development. Objective: This study aims to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Zadia Codabux , Christopher Dutchyn