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To obtain an electron-density map from a macromolecular crystal the phase-problem needs to be solved, which often involves the use of heavy-atom derivative crystals and concomitantly the determination of the heavy atom substructure. This is…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-08-20 Bjørn Panyella Pedersen , Pontus Gourdon , Xiangyu Liu , Jesper Lykkegaard Karlsen , Poul Nissen

Measurements with an atomic force microscope (AFM) offer a direct way to probe elastic properties of lipid bilayer membranes locally: provided the underlying stress-strain relation is known, material parameters such as surface tension or…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Davood Norouzi , Martin Michael Mueller , Markus Deserno

Atomic data determined by analysis of observed atomic spectra are essential for plasma diagnostics. For each low-ionisation open d- and f-subshell atomic species, around $10^3$ fine structure level energies can be determined through years…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 M. Ding , V. -A. Darvariu , A. N. Ryabtsev , N. Hawes , J. C. Pickering

Machine learning has proven to be a valuable tool to approximate functions in high-dimensional spaces. Unfortunately, analysis of these models to extract the relevant physics is never as easy as applying machine learning to a large dataset…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-05-06 Conrad W. Rosenbrock , Eric R. Homer , Gábor Csányi , Gus L. W. Hart

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to understand true atomic resolution, which has been observed on the Si(111)-7$\times$7 surface by dynamic force microscopy in ultra high vacuum(UHV). Stable atomic-scale contrast is…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-10-31 Abduxukur Abdurixit , Alexis Baratoff , Ernest Meyer

The Field Ion Microscope (FIM) can be used to characterize the atomic configuration of the apex of sharp tips. These tips are well suited for Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) since they predetermine SPM resolution and electronic structure…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-08-07 William Paul , Yoichi Miyahara , Peter Grütter

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an essential nanoinstrument technique for several applications such as cell biology and nanoelectronics metrology and inspection. The need for statistically significant sample sizes means that data…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-04-05 H. Sadeghian , R. Herfst , B. Dekker , J. Winters , T. Bijnagte , R. Rijnbeek

The ability of Minkowski Functionals to characterize local structure in different biological tissue types has been demonstrated in a variety of medical image processing tasks. We introduce anisotropic Minkowski Functionals (AMFs) as a novel…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-06 Axel Wismueller , Titas De , Eva Lochmueller , Felix Eckstein , Mahesh B. Nagarajan

One of the great challenges of modern science is to faithfully model, and understand, matter at a wide range of scales. Starting with atoms, the vastness of the space of possible configurations poses a formidable challenge to any simulation…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-08-28 Sebastian E. Ahnert , William P. Grant , Chris J. Pickard

Stretchable conductors are of crucial relevance for emerging technologies such as wearable electronics, low-invasive bioelectronic implants or soft actuators for robotics. A critical issue for their development regards the understanding of…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-24 Giorgio Cortelli , Luca Patruno , Tobias Cramer , Beatrice Fraboni , Stefano de Miranda

We propose a novel concept of asymmetric feature maps (AFM), which allows to evaluate multiple kernels between a query and database entries without increasing the memory requirements. To demonstrate the advantages of the AFM method, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Giorgos Tolias , Ondřej Chum

Identifying the chemical structure from a graphical representation, or image, of a molecule is a challenging pattern recognition task that would greatly benefit drug development. Yet, existing methods for chemical structure recognition do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Martijn Oldenhof , Edward De Brouwer , Adam Arany , Yves Moreau

Recent frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) can measure three-dimensional force distribution between a probe and a sample surface in liquid. The force distribution is, in the present circumstances, assumed to be solvation…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-12-02 Ken-ich Amano , Ohgi Takahash

The simultaneous combination of scanning probe methods (tunnelling and force microscopies, STM and AFM) is a unique way to get an information about crystallographic and electronic structure of the studied surface. Here we apply these…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-02-04 Petar Stojanov , Elena Voloshina , Yuriy Dedkov , Stefan Schmitt , Torben Haenke , Andreas Thissen

In this introductory review, we give an overview of the computational chemistry methods commonly used in the field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), to describe or predict the structures themselves and characterize their various…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-02-02 François-Xavier Coudert , Alain H. Fuchs

Empirical scoring functions based on either molecular force fields or cheminformatics descriptors are widely used, in conjunction with molecular docking, during the early stages of drug discovery to predict potency and binding affinity of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Joseph Gomes , Bharath Ramsundar , Evan N. Feinberg , Vijay S. Pande

Rapid determination of molecular structures can greatly accelerate workflows across many chemical disciplines. However, elucidating structure using only one-dimensional (1D) NMR spectra, the most readily accessible data, remains an…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-08-16 Frank Hu , Michael S. Chen , Grant M. Rotskoff , Matthew W. Kanan , Thomas E. Markland

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an analytical surface characterization tool which can reveal a sample's topography with high spatial resolution while simultaneously probing tip-sample interactions. Local measurement of chemical properties…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-09-06 Omur E. Dagdeviren , Yoichi Miyahara , Aaron Mascaro , Peter Grutter

Recently, the machine learning force field has emerged as a powerful atomic simulation approach for its high accuracy and low computational cost. However, its applications in the multi-component materials are relatively less. In this study,…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-07-06 Wenwen Li , Yasunobu Ando

Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) provides nanoscale chemical fingerprints alongside high-resolution topographic mapping of molecules, offering a powerful tool for materials discovery. However, TERS image datasets are challenging to…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-02-24 Harshit Sethi , Markus Junttila , Orlando J Silveira , Adam S Foster