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We use the SYK family of models with $N$ Majorana fermions to study the complexity of time evolution, formulated as the shortest geodesic length on the unitary group manifold between the identity and the time evolution operator, in free,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-21 Vijay Balasubramanian , Matthew DeCross , Arjun Kar , Cathy Li , Onkar Parrikar

We investigate the time evolution of the complexity of the operator by the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model with $N$ Majorana fermions. We follow Nielsen's idea of complexity geometry and geodesics thereof. We show that it is possible that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-05-25 Run-Qiu Yang , Keun-Young Kim

Quantum complexity is a measure of the minimal number of elementary operations required to approximately prepare a given state or unitary channel. Recently, this concept has found applications beyond quantum computing -- in studying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Michał Oszmaniec , Marcin Kotowski , Michał Horodecki , Nicholas Hunter-Jones

Heisenberg time evolution under a chaotic many-body Hamiltonian $H$ transforms an initially simple operator into an increasingly complex one, as it spreads over Hilbert space. Krylov complexity, or `K-complexity', quantifies this growth…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-06-30 E. Rabinovici , A. Sánchez-Garrido , R. Shir , J. Sonner

The concept of quantum complexity has far-reaching implications spanning theoretical computer science, quantum many-body physics, and high energy physics. The quantum complexity of a unitary transformation or quantum state is defined as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-02 Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Wissam Chemissany , Nicholas Hunter-Jones , Richard Kueng , John Preskill

The concepts of operator size and computational complexity play important roles in the study of quantum chaos and holographic duality because they help characterize the structure of time-evolving Heisenberg operators. It is particularly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-09 Shao-Kai Jian , Brian Swingle , Zhuo-Yu Xian

We study the complexity of both time-optimal and time sub-optimal quantum Hamiltonian evolutions connecting arbitrary source and a target states on the Bloch sphere equipped with the Fubini-Study metric. This investigation is performed in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Carlo Cafaro , Leonardo Rossetti , Paul M. Alsing

We study the time evolution operator in a family of local quantum circuits with random fields in a fixed direction. We argue that the presence of quantum chaos implies that at large times the time evolution operator becomes effectively a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-12 Pavel Kos , Bruno Bertini , Tomaž Prosen

For chaotic quantum dynamics modeled by random unitary circuits, we study the complexity of reduced density matrices of subsystems as a function of evolution time where the initial global state is a product pure state. The state complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Jeongwan Haah , Douglas Stanford

We address the difference between integrable and chaotic motion in quantum theory as manifested by the complexity of the corresponding evolution operators. Complexity is understood here as the shortest geodesic distance between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Ben Craps , Marine De Clerck , Oleg Evnin , Philip Hacker , Maxim Pavlov

We show that quantum circuit complexity for the unitary time evolution operator of any time-independent Hamiltonian is bounded by linear growth at early times, independent of any choices of the fundamental gates or cost metric. Deviations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-10-15 S. Shajidul Haque , Ghadir Jafari , Bret Underwood

The circuit complexity of time-evolved pure quantum states grows linearly in time for an exponentially long time. This behavior has been proven in certain models, is conjectured to hold for generic quantum many-body systems, and is believed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-22 Yale Fan , Nicholas Hunter-Jones , Andreas Karch , Shivan Mittal

Chaos and complexity entail an entropic and computational obstruction to describing a system, and thus are intrinsically difficult to characterize. In this paper, we consider time evolution by Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) Hamiltonians…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-16 Jordan Cotler , Nicholas Hunter-Jones , Junyu Liu , Beni Yoshida

We study the SYK model -- an important toy model for quantum gravity on IBM's superconducting qubit quantum computers. By using a graph-coloring algorithm to minimize the number of commuting clusters of terms in the qubitized Hamiltonian,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-03 Muhammad Asaduzzaman , Raghav G. Jha , Bharath Sambasivam

For any quantum algorithm given by a path in the space of unitary operators we define the computational complexity as the typical computational time associated with the path. This time is defined using a quantum time estimator associated…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-01 Cesar Gomez

We analyse time evolution of spread complexity (SC) in an isolated interacting quantum many-body system when it is subjected to a sudden quench. The differences in characteristics of the time evolution of the SC for different time scales is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Mamta Gautam , Kunal Pal , Kuntal Pal , Ankit Gill , Nitesh Jaiswal , Tapobrata Sarkar

As time passes, once simple quantum states tend to become more complex. For strongly coupled k-local Hamiltonians, this growth of computational complexity has been conjectured to follow a distinctive and universal pattern. In this paper we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-28 Adam R. Brown , Leonard Susskind , Ying Zhao

We study operator complexity on various time scales with emphasis on those much larger than the scrambling period. We use, for systems with a large but finite number of degrees of freedom, the notion of K-complexity employed in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-08 J. L. F. Barbon , E. Rabinovici , R. Shir , R. Sinha

Recently it has been shown that the complexity of SU($n$) operator is determined by the geodesic length in a bi-invariant Finsler geometry, which is constrained by some symmetries of quantum field theory. It is based on three axioms and one…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-01 Run-Qiu Yang , Yu-Sen An , Chao Niu , Cheng-Yong Zhang , Keun-Young Kim

We investigate minimal two-body Hamiltonians with random interactions that generate spectra resembling those of Gaussian random matrices, a phenomenon we term quadratic quantum chaos. Unlike integrable two-body fermionic systems, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-16 Pallab Basu , Suman Das , Pratik Nandy
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