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Optimizing the controls of quantum systems plays a crucial role in advancing quantum technologies. The time-varying noises in quantum systems and the widespread use of inhomogeneous quantum ensembles raise the need for high-quality quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Xinyu Fei , Lucas T. Brady , Jeffrey Larson , Sven Leyffer , Siqian Shen

Selection bias arises when the probability that an observation enters a dataset depends on variables related to the quantities of interest, leading to systematic distortions in estimation and uncertainty quantification. For example, in…

We consider the problems of hypothesis testing on a probability measure of independent sample, on solution of ill-posed problem, on deconvolution problem and on Poisson mean measure. For all these setups necessary conditions and sufficient…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-24 Mikhail Ermakov

Identifying and calibrating quantitative dynamical models for physical quantum systems is important for a variety of applications. Here we present a closed-loop Bayesian learning algorithm for estimating multiple unknown parameters in a…

We derive general discrimination of quantum states chosen from a certain set, given initial $M$ copies of each state, and obtain the matrix inequality, which describe the bound between the maximum probability of correctly determining and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Chuan-Wei Zhang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We address a broad class of optimization problems of finding quantum measurements, which includes the problems of finding an optimal measurement in the Bayes criterion and a measurement maximizing the average success probability with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Kenji Nakahira , Kentaro Kato , Tsuyoshi Sasaki Usuda

Repeating an imperfect biomarker test based on an initial result can introduce bias and influence misclassification risk. For example, in some blood donation settings, blood donors' hemoglobin is remeasured when the initial measurement…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-17 Supun Manathunga , Mart P. Janssen , Yu Luo , W. Alton Russell , Mart Pothast

We derive the optimal measurement for quantum state discrimination without a priori probabilities, i.e. in a minimax strategy instead of the usually considered Bayesian one. We consider both minimal-error and unambiguous discrimination…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano , Massimiliano Federico Sacchi , Jonas Kahn

This paper develops new insights into quantitative methods for the validation of computational model prediction. Four types of methods are investigated, namely classical and Bayesian hypothesis testing, a reliability-based method, and an…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-06-25 You Ling , Sankaran Mahadevan

The problem of binary hypothesis testing between two probability measures is considered. New sharp bounds are derived for the best achievable error probability of such tests based on independent and identically distributed observations.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Valentinian Lungu , Ioannis Kontoyiannis

We present an empirical strategy to determine the Hamiltonian dynamics of a two-qubit system using only initialization and measurement in a single fixed basis. Signal parameters are estimated from measurement data using Bayesian methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-01 S. G. Schirmer , D. K. L. Oi

We demonstrate that quantum incompatibility can always be detected by means of a state discrimination task with partial intermediate information. This is done by showing that only incompatible measurements allow for an efficient use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-09 Claudio Carmeli , Teiko Heinosaari , Alessandro Toigo

When computer codes are used for modeling complex physical systems, their unknown parameters are tuned by calibration techniques. A discrepancy function may be added to the computer code in order to capture its discrepancy with the real…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-11 Kaniav Kamary , Merlin Keller , Pierre Barbillon , Cédric Gœury , Éric Parent

Algorithmic recommendation based on noisy preference measurement is prevalent in recommendation systems. This paper discusses the consequences of such recommendation on market concentration and inequality. Binary types denoting a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-21 Andreas Haupt

Existing theoretical work on Bayes-optimal fair classifiers usually considers a single (binary) sensitive feature. In practice, individuals are often defined by multiple sensitive features. In this paper, we characterize the Bayes-optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Yi Yang , Yinghui Huang , Xiangyu Chang

We discuss a general approach to handling "multiple hypotheses" testing in the case when a particular hypothesis states that the vector of parameters identifying the distribution of observations belongs to a convex compact set associated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-24 A. Goldenshluger , A. Juditski , A. Nemirovski

In this paper the elicitation of probabilities from human experts is considered as a measurement process, which may be disturbed by random 'measurement noise'. Using Bayesian concepts a second order probability distribution is derived…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Gerhard Paaß

We address the problem of A/B testing, a widely used protocol for evaluating the potential improvement achieved by a new decision system compared to a baseline. This protocol segments the population into two subgroups, each exposed to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-16 Otmane Sakhi , Alexandre Gilotte , David Rohde

This paper proposes a probabilistic Bayesian formulation for system identification (ID) and estimation of nonseparable Hamiltonian systems using stochastic dynamic models. Nonseparable Hamiltonian systems arise in models from diverse…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-09-19 Harsh Sharma , Nicholas Galioto , Alex A. Gorodetsky , Boris Kramer

A common method for assessing validity of Bayesian sampling or approximate inference methods makes use of simulated data replicates for parameters drawn from the prior. Under continuity assumptions, quantiles of functions of the simulated…

Computation · Statistics 2019-11-21 Xuejun Yu , David J. Nott , Minh-Ngoc Tran , Nadja Klein