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Scenario-based testing has become a promising approach to overcome the complexity of real-world traffic for safety assurance of automated vehicles. Within scenario-based testing, a system under test is confronted with a set of predefined…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Christoph Glasmacher , Hendrik Weber , Lutz Eckstein

Current social navigation methods and benchmarks primarily focus on proxemics and task efficiency. While these factors are important, qualitative aspects such as perceptions of a robot's social competence are equally crucial for successful…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Shashank Rao Marpally , Pranav Goyal , Harold Soh

The homologation of automated vehicles, being safety-critical complex systems, requires sound evidence for their safe operability. Traditionally, verification and validation activities are guided by a combination of ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Christian Neurohr , Lukas Westhofen , Tabea Henning , Thies de Graaff , Eike Möhlmann , Eckard Böde

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require extensive testing in simulation, but test case generation for driving scenarios is laborious. The desired scenarios are often out-of-distribution and have precise requirements on interactions with the AV…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Frieda Rong , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

Verification and validation are major challenges for developing automated driving systems. A concept that gets more and more recognized for testing in automated driving is scenario-based testing. However, it introduces the problem of what…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Barbara Schütt , Marc Heinrich , Sonja Marahrens , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled the development of autonomous systems that use deep neural networks for perception. Formal verification of these systems is challenging due to the size and complexity of the perception DNNs as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Christopher Watson , Rajeev Alur , Divya Gopinath , Ravi Mangal , Corina S. Pasareanu

Autonomous Vehicles (AV)'s wide-scale deployment appears imminent despite many safety challenges yet to be resolved. The modern autonomous vehicles will undoubtedly include machine learning and probabilistic techniques that add significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Julie Stephany Berrio , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Behavior prediction remains one of the most challenging tasks in the autonomous vehicle (AV) software stack. Forecasting the future trajectories of nearby agents plays a critical role in ensuring road safety, as it equips AVs with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Francis Indaheng , Edward Kim , Kesav Viswanadha , Jay Shenoy , Jinkyu Kim , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia

Cyber-physical systems like autonomous vehicles are tested in simulation before deployment, using domain-specific programs for scenario specification. To aid the testing of autonomous vehicles in simulation, we design a natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rimvydas Rubavicius , Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Moj Arab

The verification and validation of autonomous driving vehicles remains a major challenge due to the high complexity of autonomous driving functions. Scenario-based testing is a promising method for validating such a complex system.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Maximilian Zipfl , Nina Koch , J. Marius Zöllner

Over recent decades, scenarios and scenario-based software/system engineering have been actively employed as essential tools to handle intricate problems, validate requirements, and support stakeholders' communication. However, despite the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Young-Min Baek , Esther Cho , Donghwan Shin , Doo-Hwan Bae

Extracting interesting scenarios from real-world data as well as generating failure cases is important for the development and testing of autonomous systems. We propose efficient mechanisms to both characterize and generate testing…

The verification and validation of automated and autonomous driving systems impose a major challenge, especially the identification of suitable test scenarios. This work presents a methodology that adopts metaheuristic search to optimize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-18 Florian Hauer , Bernd Holzmüller

Simulation-based testing of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has become an essential complement to road testing to ensure safety. Consequently, substantial research has focused on searching for failure scenarios in simulation. However, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Edward Kim , Jay Shenoy , Sebastian Junges , Daniel Fremont , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Sanjit Seshia

Testing and evaluation of robotics systems is a difficult and oftentimes tedious task due to the systems' complexity and a lack of tools to conduct reproducible robotics experiments. Additionally, almost all available tools are either…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Frederik Pasch , Florian Mirus , Yongzhou Zhang , Kay-Ulrich Scholl

Their highly adaptive nature and the combinatorial explosion of possible configurations makes testing context-oriented programs hard. We propose a methodology to automate the generation of test scenarios for developers of feature-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Pierre Martou , Kim Mens , Benoît Duhoux , Axel Legay

Several scenario-based frameworks exist to aid in vehicle system development and safety assurance. However, there is a need for approaches that combine different types of datasets that offer varying levels of case severity, data richness,…

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles requires virtual scenario-based testing, which depends on the robust evaluation and generation of safety-critical scenarios. So far, researchers have used scenario-based testing frameworks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Amr Alanwar , Johannes Betz

We propose a new probabilistic programming language for the design and analysis of cyber-physical systems, especially those based on machine learning. Specifically, we consider the problems of training a system to be robust to rare events,…