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We present an approach to quantifying both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty for deep neural networks in image classification, based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). While most works in the literature that use GANs to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Philipp Oberdiek , Gernot A. Fink , Matthias Rottmann

Deep neural networks (DNN) are versatile parametric models utilised successfully in a diverse number of tasks and domains. However, they have limitations---particularly from their lack of robustness and over-sensitivity to out of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-01 John Mitros , Brian Mac Namee

It is becoming increasingly easy to automatically replace a face of one person in a video with the face of another person by using a pre-trained generative adversarial network (GAN). Recent public scandals, e.g., the faces of celebrities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Pavel Korshunov , Sebastien Marcel

Deepfakes are the result of digital manipulation to forge realistic yet fake imagery. With the astonishing advances in deep generative models, fake images or videos are nowadays obtained using variational autoencoders (VAEs) or Generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Davide Coccomini , Nicola Messina , Claudio Gennaro , Fabrizio Falchi

Image manipulation is rapidly evolving, allowing the creation of credible content that can be used to bend reality. Although the results of deepfake detectors are promising, deepfakes can be made even more complicated to detect through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Davide Alessandro Coccomini , Roberto Caldelli , Fabrizio Falchi , Claudio Gennaro , Giuseppe Amato

There are many applications of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in fields like computer vision, natural language processing, speech synthesis, and more. Undoubtedly the most notable results have been in the area of image synthesis and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Simranjeet Singh , Rajneesh Sharma , Alan F. Smeaton

In recent years, generative adversarial networks (GANs) and its variants have achieved unprecedented success in image synthesis. They are widely adopted in synthesizing facial images which brings potential security concerns to humans as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Run Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Lei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Yihao Huang , Jian Wang , Yang Liu

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in deepfake generation and detection, focusing on modern deep learning technologies and tools based on the latest scientific advancements. The rise of deepfakes, leveraging techniques like Variational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Arash Dehghani , Hossein Saberi

Deep fakes became extremely popular in the last years, also thanks to their increasing realism. Therefore, there is the need to measures human's ability to distinguish between real and synthetic face images when confronted with cutting-edge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Federica Lago , Cecilia Pasquini , Rainer Böhme , Hélène Dumont , Valérie Goffaux , Giulia Boato

It is becoming cheaper to launch disinformation operations at scale using AI-generated content, in particular 'deepfake' technology. We have observed instances of deepfakes in political campaigns, where generated content is employed to both…

For nearly a decade, deepfake detection has been framed as a classification task: given an audio or video clip, decide whether it is real or synthetic. Top detectors often report high accuracy on standard benchmarks; however, performance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jessee Ho , Shweta Khushu , Shaina Raza

This research addresses the challenge of developing a universal deepfake detector that can effectively identify unseen deepfake images despite limited training data. Existing frequency-based paradigms have relied on frequency-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Chuangchuang Tan , Yao Zhao , Shikui Wei , Guanghua Gu , Ping Liu , Yunchao Wei

The recent computer graphics developments have upraised the quality of the generated digital content, astonishing the most skeptical viewer. Games and movies have taken advantage of this fact but, at the same time, these advances have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Edmar R. S. de Rezende , Guilherme C. S. Ruppert , Antonio Theophilo , Tiago Carvalho

In recent years, due to the booming development of online social networks, fake news for various commercial and political purposes has been appearing in large numbers and widespread in the online world. With deceptive words, online social…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Jiawei Zhang , Bowen Dong , Philip S. Yu

Deepfake technology has given rise to a spectrum of novel and compelling applications. Unfortunately, the widespread proliferation of high-fidelity fake videos has led to pervasive confusion and deception, shattering our faith that seeing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zhongjie Ba , Qingyu Liu , Zhenguang Liu , Shuang Wu , Feng Lin , Li Lu , Kui Ren

Probability density estimation is a classical and well studied problem, but standard density estimation methods have historically lacked the power to model complex and high-dimensional image distributions. More recent generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Ryen Krusinga , Sohil Shah , Matthias Zwicker , Tom Goldstein , David Jacobs

The rapid proliferation of AI-generated content, driven by advances in generative adversarial networks, diffusion models, and multimodal large language models, has made the creation and dissemination of synthetic media effortless,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Guangyu Lin , Li Lin , Christina P. Walker , Daniel S. Schiff , Shu Hu

Deepfakes pose growing challenges to the trust of information on the Internet. Thus, detecting deepfakes has attracted increasing attentions from both academia and industry. State-of-the-art deepfake detection methods consist of two key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Xiaoyu Cao , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Advancements in deep generative models such as generative adversarial networks and variational autoencoders have resulted in the ability to generate realistic images that are visually indistinguishable from real images, which raises…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-16 Tarik Dzanic , Karan Shah , Freddie Witherden

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are able to model the complex highdimensional distributions of real-world data, which suggests they could be effective for anomaly detection. However, few works have explored the use of GANs for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Houssam Zenati , Chuan Sheng Foo , Bruno Lecouat , Gaurav Manek , Vijay Ramaseshan Chandrasekhar