Related papers: Foreign body reaction (immune respond) for artific…
The single Anti-Reflecting (AR) layer is a classical problem in optics. When all materials are pure dielectrics, the solution is the so-called lambda/4 layer. Here we examine the case of absorbing layers between non absorbing media. We find…
Cells and microorganisms employ dynamic shape changes to enable steering and avoidance for efficient spatial exploration and collective organization. In contrast, active colloids, their synthetic counterparts, currently lack similar…
Using the complementary wave- and particle-like natures of photons, it is possible to make ``interaction-free'' measurements where the presence of an object can be determined with no photons being absorbed. We investigated several…
In media with only short-ranged couplings and interactions, it is natural to assume that physical responses must be local. Yet, we discover that this is not necessarily true, even in a system as commonplace as an electric circuit array.…
Estrogen receptor positive breast cancer is frequently treated with anti-hormonal treatment such as aromatase inhibitors (AI). Interestingly, a high body mass index has been shown to have a negative impact on AI efficacy, most likely due to…
T cells orchestrate adaptive immune responses upon activation. T cell activation requires sufficiently strong binding of T cell receptors on their surface to short peptides derived from foreign proteins bound to protein products of the…
In the tumour microenvironment, cancer cells directly interact with both the immune system and the stroma. It is firmly established that the immune system, historically believed to be a major part of the body's defence against tumour…
We study transfers of ions and debris from bioceramics implanted in bone sites. A contamination of surrounding tissues may play a major role in aseptic loosening of the implant. For these reasons, bioceramics require studies of…
Interfacing artificial functional materials and living neuronal tissues is at the forefront of bio-nano-technology. Attempts have been so far based onto microscale processing of metals and inorganic semiconductors as electrodes or…
Most biological rates and times decrease systematically with organism body size. We use an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model of West Nile Virus in birds to show that pathogen replication rates decline with host body size, but…
With increasing interest in millimeter wave wireless communications, investigations on interactions between the human body and millimeter wave devices are becoming important. This paper gives examples of current regulatory requirements, and…
Artificial membranes that are sensitive to temperature are needed in robotics to augment interactions with humans and the environment and in bioengineering to improve prosthetic limbs. Existing flexible sensors achieved sensitivities of…
Affinity maturation of antibodies during immune responses is achieved by multiple rounds of somatic hypermutation and subsequent preferential selection of those B cells that express B cell receptors with improved binding characteristics for…
Diabetes, a chronic condition that impairs how the body turns food into energy, i.e. blood glucose, affects 38 million people in the US alone. The standard treatment is to supplement carbohydrate intake with an artificial pancreas, i.e. a…
To ensure faithful information transmission, cells utilize nonequilibrium drives to reduce errors. Kinetic proofreading is a classic mechanism known to sharpen ligand discrimination by T lymphocytes. It remains an open question whether the…
Non-Hermiticity enables macroscopic accumulation of bulk states, named non-Hermitian skin effects. The non-Hermitian skin effects are well-established for single-particle systems, but their proper characterization for general systems is…
Proteins are minimally frustrated polymers. However, for realistic protein models non-native interactions must be taken into account. In this paper we analyze the effect of non-native interactions on the folding rate and on the folding free…
An overview of the applications of control theory to prosthetic sense organs including the senses of vision, taste and odor is being presented in this paper. Simulation aspect nowadays has been the centre of research in the field of…
Prostate cancer is a major global health concern, requiring advancements in robotic surgery and diagnostics to improve patient outcomes. A phantom is a specially designed object that simulates human tissues or organs. It can be used for…
Current AI systems are designed to solve close-world problems with the assumption that the underlying world is remaining more or less the same. However, when dealing with real-world problems such assumptions can be invalid as sudden and…