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In this note, we establish a new closed formula for the solution of homogeneous second-order linear difference equations with constant coefficients by using matrix theory. This, in turn, gives new closed formulas concerning all sequences of…
The aim of this study is to investigate the precise form of finite-order entire solutions to the following system of Fermat-type partial differential-difference equations: \beas \begin{cases} \left(\frac{\partial f_1\left(z_1, z_2, \ldots,…
Single scale Feynman integrals in quantum field theories obey difference or differential equations with respect to their discrete parameter $N$ or continuous parameter $x$. The analysis of these equations reveals to which order they…
Let $k$ be a differential field of characteristic zero with an algebraically closed field of constants. In this article, we provide a classification of first order differential equations over $k$ and study the algebraic dependence of…
\noindent Using the techniques connected with the measure of noncompactness we investigate the neutral difference equation of the following form \begin{equation*} \Delta \left(r_{n}\left(\Delta \left(x_{n}+p_{n}x_{n-k}\right) \right)…
In this paper, with the help of the theory of matrices and finite fields we generalize Zolotarev's theorem to an arbitrary finite dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{F}_q$, where $\mathbb{F}_q$ denotes the finite field with $q$ elements.
We consider commutativity equations $F_i F_j =F_j F_i$ for a function $F(x^1, \dots, x^N),$ where $F_i$ is a matrix of the third order derivatives $F_{ikl}$. We show that under certain non-degeneracy conditions a solution $F$ satisfies the…
Though it is well known that the roots of any affine polynomial over a finite field can be computed by a system of linear equations by using a normal base of the field, such solving approach appears to be difficult to apply when the field…
Given an elliptic curve C, we study here $N_k = #C(F_{q^k})$, the number of points of C over the finite field F_{q^k}. This sequence of numbers, as k runs over positive integers, has numerous remarkable properties of a combinatorial flavor…
Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be a finite field with $q=p^e$ elements, where $p$ is a prime and $e\geq 1$ is an integer. Let $\ell<n$ be two positive integers. Fix a monic polynomial $u(x)=x^n +u_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots +u_{\ell+1}x^{\ell+1} \in…
We consider the linear vector space formed by the elements of the finite fields $\mathbb{F}_q$ with $q=p^r$ over $\mathbb{F}_p$. Let $\{a_1,\ldots,a_r\}$ be a basis of this space. Then the elements $x$ of $\mathbb{F}_q$ have a unique…
The problem of algebraic dependence of solutions to (non-linear) first order autonomous equations over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero is given a `complete' answer, obtained independently of model theoretic results on…
We study certain classes of equations for $F_q$-linear functions, which are the natural function field counterparts of linear ordinary differential equations. It is shown that, in contrast to both classical and $p$-adic cases, formal power…
Two square matrices of (arbitrary) order N are introduced. They are defined in terms of N arbitrary numbers z_{n}, and of an arbitrary additional parameter (a respectively q), and provide finite-dimensional representations of the two…
We study equations with infinitely many derivatives. Equations of this type form a new class of equations in mathematical physics. These equations originally appeared in p-adic and later in fermionic string theories and their investigation…
In this paper we mainly study the existence and the form of entire solutions with finite order for the following system of Fermat-type difference and partial differential-difference equations $$\begin{cases} f_1(z)^2+(\Delta_cf_2(z))^2=1\cr…
Let $\mathcal{R}$ be a finite valuation ring of order $q^r$. In this paper we generalize and improve several well-known results, which were studied over finite fields $\mathbb{F}_q$ and finite cyclic rings $\mathbb{Z}/p^r\mathbb{Z}$, in the…
By solving an infinite nonlinear system of $q$-difference equations one constructs a chain of $q$-difference operators. The eigenproblems for the chain are solved and some applications, including the one related to $q$-Hahn orthogonal…
In this paper, we study certain determinants over finite fields. Let $\mathbb{F}_q$ be the finite field of $q$ elements and let $a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_{q-1}$ be all nonzero elements of $\mathbb{F}_q$. Let…
We obtain a bound on the number of solutions of $x^q=x$ in a finite noncommutative algebra over a field with $q$ elements. Furthermore, we completely characterize those rings for which this maximum number is attained.