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The majority of quantum error detection and correction protocols assume that the population in a qubit does not leak outside of its computational subspace. For many existing approaches, however, the physical qubits do possess more than two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-24 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , John M. Martinis , Michael R. Geller

Quantum codes excel at correcting local noise but fail to correct leakage faults that excite qubits to states outside the computational space. Aliferis and Terhal have shown that an accuracy threshold exists for leakage faults using gadgets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-29 Martin Suchara , Andrew W. Cross , Jay M. Gambetta

We construct a detailed microscopic noise model for multi-qubit (MQ) gate operations in the context of trapped ion architecture with all-to-all connectivity. We find that phonon heating and motional dephasing are well captured by effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Ori Grossman , Yotam Kadish , Snir Gazit , Amit Ben-Kish , Roee Ozeri , Yotam Shapira

High-fidelity quantum operations require the system dynamics to be strictly confined to the computational subspace. In practice, however, control fields inevitably couple to leakage levels, giving rise to quantum state leakage that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Ting Lin , Zi-Hao Qin , Zheng-Yuan Xue , Tao Chen

Penning traps have been used for performing quantum simulations and sensing with hundreds of ions and provide a promising route toward scaling up trapped ion quantum platforms because of the ability to trap and control up to thousands of…

Leakage errors damage a qubit by coupling it to other levels. Over the years, several theoretical approaches to dealing with such errors have been developed based on perturbation arguments. Here we propose a different strategy: we use a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-18 Yifan Sun , Junyi Zhang , Lian-Ao Wu

A triple-quantum-dot system can be operated as either an exchange-only qubit or a resonant-exchange qubit. While it is generally believed that the decisive advantage of the resonant-exchange qubit is the suppression of charge noise because…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Chengxian Zhang , Xu-Chen Yang , Xin Wang

Leakage is a particularly damaging error that occurs when a qubit leaves the defined computational subspace. Leakage errors limit the effectiveness of quantum error correcting codes by spreading additional errors to other qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-13 Natalie C. Brown , Andrew W. Cross , Kenneth R. Brown

Today ion traps are among the most promising physical systems for constructing a quantum device harnessing the computing power inherent in the laws of quantum physics. The standard circuit model of quantum computing requires a universal set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-29 J. Benhelm , G. Kirchmair , C. F. Roos , R. Blatt

We propose to use the continuous version of the quantum Zeno effect to eliminate leakage to higher energy states in superconducting quantum computing architectures based on Josephson phase and flux qubits. We are particularly interested in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-18 Andrei Galiautdinov

Superconducting qubits, while promising for scalability and long coherence times, contain more than two energy levels, and therefore are susceptible to errors generated by the leakage of population outside of the computational subspace.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-23 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler

Decoherence-induced leakage errors can couple a physical or encoded qubit to other levels, thus potentially damaging the qubit. They can therefore be very detrimental in quantum computation and require special attention. Here we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 L. -A. Wu , M. S. Byrd , D. A. Lidar

Leakage outside of the qubit computational subspace poses a threatening challenge to quantum error correction (QEC). We propose a scheme using two leakage-reduction units (LRUs) that mitigate these issues for a transmon-based surface code,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Francesco Battistel , Boris M. Varbanov , Barbara M. Terhal

We demonstrate a new technique that adapts single-qubit randomized benchmarking to two-qubit M{\o}lmer-S{\o}rensen gates. We use the controllable gate phase to generate Cliffords that act on a two-state subspace, enabling benchmarking of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 R. T. Sutherland , A. C. Hughes , J. P. Marceaux , H. M. Knaack , C. M. Löschnauer , R. Srinivas

Spin qubits in quantum dots are a promising technology for quantum computing due to their fast response time and long coherence times. An electromagnetic pulse is applied to the system for a specific duration to perform a desired rotation.…

The resonator-induced phase gate is a two-qubit operation in which driving a bus resonator induces a state-dependent phase shift on the qubits equivalent to an effective $ZZ$ interaction. In principle, the dispersive nature of the gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Moein Malekakhlagh , William Shanks , Hanhee Paik

The ability to perform fast and accurate rotations between the computational basis states of quantum bits is one of the most fundamental requirements for building a quantum computer. Because physical qubits generally contain more than two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Ben Chiaro , Yaxing Zhang

We present a scheme for correcting for crosstalk- and noise-induced errors in exchange-coupled singlet-triplet semiconductor double quantum dot qubits. While exchange coupling allows the coupling strength to be controlled independently of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-07-05 Donovan Buterakos , Robert E. Throckmorton , S. Das Sarma

A practical quantum computer requires quantum bit (qubit) operations with low error rates in extensible architectures. We study a packaging method that makes it possible to address hundreds of superconducting qubits by means of…

We present a tradeoff between leakage and pure dephasing errors for the fluxonium circuit. We show that in the insulating regime, i.e., when the persistent current flowing across the circuit is suppressed, the pure dephasing rate decreases…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-01 David A. Herrera-Martí , Ahsan Nazir , Sean D. Barrett