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A card guessing game is played between two players, Guesser and Dealer. At the beginning of the game, the Dealer holds a deck of $n$ cards (labeled $1, ..., n$). For $n$ turns, the Dealer draws a card from the deck, the Guesser guesses…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Boaz Menuhin , Moni Naor

It is proved that in card games similar to 'Beggar-my-neighbour' the mathematical expectation of the playing time is finite, provided that the player who starts the round is determined randomly and the deck is shuffled when the trick is…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-06-05 A. Aleksenko , E. Lakshtanov

Reachability games are two-player games played on a graph, where the objective of $\texttt{REACH}$ player is to reach the target set whereas the objective of $\texttt{SAFE}$ player is to stay away from the target set. Reachability games…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Ehsan Kafshdar Goharshady , Mehrdad Karrabi , Maximilian Seeliger , Đorđe Žikelić

We study the problem of computing an $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium in repeated games. Earlier work by Borgs et al. [2010] suggests that this problem is intractable. We show that if we make a slight change to their model---modeling the players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-24 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass , Lior Seeman

We study several variants of the classical card game war. As anyone who played this game knows, the game can take some time to terminate, but it usually does. Here, we analyze a number of asymptotic variants of the game, where the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-01 Manan Bhatia , Byron Chin , Nitya Mani , Elchanan Mossel

Balanced knockout tournaments are ubiquitous in sports competitions and are also used in decision-making and elections. The traditional computational question, that asks to compute a draw (optimal draw) that maximizes the winning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Josef Tkadlec

We consider a card guessing game with complete feedback. An ordered deck of $n$ cards labeled $1$ up to $n$ is shelf-shuffled exactly one time. One after the other a single card is drawn from the shuffled deck. The guesser makes has guess…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Markus Kuba

We show that two-dimensional billiard systems are Turing complete, in the sense that the halting of any Turing machine with a given input is equivalent to a certain bounded trajectory in this system entering a specified open set. Billiards…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Eva Miranda , Isaac Ramos

The game of memory is played with a deck of n pairs of cards. The cards in each pair are identical. The deck is shuffled and the cards laid face down. A move consists of flipping over first one card then another. The cards are removed from…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-27 Daniel J. Velleman , Gregory S. Warrington

Positional games are a well-studied class of combinatorial game. In their usual form, two players take turns to play moves in a set (`the board'), and certain subsets are designated as `winning': the first person to occupy such a set wins…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-12 J. Robert Johnson , Imre Leader , Mark Walters

We consider one-round games between a classical referee and two players. One of the main questions in this area is the parallel repetition question: Is there a way to decrease the maximum winning probability of a game without increasing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-12 Julia Kempe , Thomas Vidick

Consider a card guessing game with complete feedback in which a deck of $n$ cards ordered $1,\dots, n$ is riffle-shuffled once. With the goal to maximize the number of correct guesses, a player guesses cards from the top of the deck one at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-22 Tipaluck Krityakierne , Thotsaporn Aek Thanatipanonda

In each round of a Swiss-system tournament, players of similar score are paired against each other. An intentional early loss therefore might lead to weaker opponents in later rounds and thus to a better final tournament result - a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Ágnes Cseh , Pascal Führlich , Pascal Lenzner

The game of Hangman is a classical asymmetric two player game in which one player, the setter, chooses a secret word from a language, that the other player, the guesser, tries to discover through single letter matching queries, answered by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Jérémy Barbay , Bernardo Subercaseaux

N players are randomly fitted with a colored hat (q different colors). All players guess simultaneously the color of their own hat observing only the hat colors of the other N-1 players. The team wins if all players guess right. No…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Theo van Uem

The containment game is a full information game for two players, initialised with a set of occupied vertices in an infinite connected graph $G$. On the $t$-th turn, the first player, called Spreader, extends the occupied set to $g(t)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Ohad Noy Feldheim , Itamar Israeli

Although mixed extensions of finite games always admit equilibria, this is not the case for countable games, the best-known example being Wald's pick-the-larger-integer game. Several authors have provided conditions for the existence of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Valerio Capraro , Marco Scarsini

We study Maker/Breaker games on the edges of the complete graph, as introduced by Chvatal and Erdos. We show that in the (m:b) clique game played on K_{N}, the complete graph on N vertices, Maker can achieve a K_{q} for q = (m/(log_{2}(b +…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Heidi Gebauer

The total domination game is a two-person competitive optimization game, where the players, Dominator and Staller, alternately select vertices of an isolate-free graph $G$. Each vertex chosen must strictly increase the number of vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Csilla Bujtás

We analyze the computational complexity of two 2-player games involving packing objects into a box. In the first game, players alternate drawing polycubes from a shared pile and placing them into an initially empty box in any available…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Oliver Korten