Related papers: Updating Maxwell with Electrons, Charge, and More …
Electrodynamics is usually written with a polarization vector field to describe the response of matter to electric fields, or more specifically, to describe changes in distribution of charge as an electric field is changed. This approach…
Charges are everywhere because most atoms are charged. Chemical bonds are formed by electrons with their charge. Charges move and interact according to Maxwell's equations in space and in atoms where the equations of electrodynamics are…
A fixed electric charge is an electric current relative to a moving magnetic field, so that it is subjected to the force of the moving magnetic field. This means that not only time-varying magnetic field produces electric field, but moving…
A dielectric dilemma faces scientists because Maxwell's equations are poor approximations as usually written, with a single dielectric constant. Maxwell's equations are then not accurate enough to be useful in many applications involving…
The classical theory of electrodynamics cannot explain the existence and structure of electric and magnetic dipoles, yet it incorporates such dipoles into its fundamental equations, simply by postulating their existence and properties, just…
Maxwell defined a true or total current in a way not widely used today. He said "... true electric current ... is not the same thing as the current of conduction but that the time-variation of the electric displacement must be taken into…
It is now widely accepted that the Maxwell equations of Electrodynamics constitute a self-consistent set of four independent partial differential equations. According to a certain school of thought, however, half of these equations -…
Classical electrodynamics uses a dielectric constant to describe the polarization response of electromechanical systems to changes in an electric field. We generalize that description to include a wide variety of responses to changes in the…
A close examination of the Maxwell-Lorentz theory of electrodynamics reveals that polarization and magnetization of material media need not be treated as local averages over small volumes - volumes that nevertheless contain a large number…
Electricity plays a special role in our lives and life. Equations of electron dynamics are nearly exact and apply from nuclear particles to stars. These Maxwell equations include a special term the displacement current (of vacuum).…
We will provide detailed arguments showing that the set of Maxwell equations, and the corresponding wave equations, do not properly describe the evolution of electromagnetic wave-fronts. We propose a nonlinear corrected version that is…
After reaffirming that the macroscopic dipolar electromagnetic equations, which today are commonly referred to as Maxwell's equations, are found in Maxwell's Treatise, we explain from his Treatise that Maxwell defined his displacement…
In the first sections of this article, we discuss two variations on Maxwell's equations that have been introduced in earlier work--a class of nonlinear Maxwell theories with well-defined Galilean limits (and correspondingly generalized…
Based on the analysis of biquaternion quadratic forms of field, it is shown that Maxwell equations arise as a consequence of the principle of conservation of the energy-momentum flow of field in space-time. It turns out that this principle…
Maxwell's equations are modified to incorporate a scalar field to account for the London's superconductivity. Assuming the electromagnetic field is described by the Klein-Gordon equation, London's equations of superconductivity are then…
Electromagnetism is the energy originating from an electric charge. Our purpose is to enlarge Maxwell. Include the charge transfer phenomenology. A four bosons electromagnetism is derived. An EM completeness is achieved. The charge's set…
The derivation of the Maxwell equations is reproduced whereby magnetic charges are included. This ansatz yields the results: 1) Longitudinal Ampere forces in a differential magnetostatic force law are improbable. Otherwise an electric…
Maxwell's equations cannot describe a homogeneous and isotropic universe with a uniformly distributed net charge, because the electromagnetic field tensor in such a universe must be vanishing everywhere. For a closed universe with a nonzero…
Considering two static, electrically charged, elementary particles, we demonstrate a possible way of proving that all known fundamental forces in the nature are the manifestations of the single, unique interaction. We re-define the gauging…
Mobile charge in an electrolytic solution can in principle be represented as the divergence of ionic polarization. After adding explicit solvent polarization a finite volume of electrolyte can then be treated as a composite non-uniform…