English

Do we need to modify Maxwell's equations?

General Physics 2020-09-22 v3

Abstract

Maxwell's equations are modified to incorporate a scalar field to account for the London's superconductivity. Assuming the electromagnetic field is described by the Klein-Gordon equation, London's equations of superconductivity are then derived, which are invariant under a new set of transformations. The invariance of the modified Maxwell's equations under these transformations requires the electromagnetic field and the scalar field to be scale-invariant. Relying on these transformations, a quantized Josephson-like current is derived. This current gives rise to a residual magnetic field. The spatial and temporal variations of the scalar field are linked to the electric polarization such that the polarization vector is curl-less.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1801.01534,
  title  = {Do we need to modify Maxwell's equations?},
  author = {A. I. Arbab},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.01534},
  year   = {2020}
}

Comments

10 LaTex pages; no figures

R2 v1 2026-06-22T23:36:50.673Z