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Scientists often think of the world (or some part of it) as a dynamical system, a stochastic process, or a generalization of such a system. Prominent examples of systems are (i) the system of planets orbiting the sun or any other classical…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-04-30 Christian List , Marcus Pivato

Statistical physics has proven to be a very fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. The last years have witnessed the attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-05-11 Claudio Castellano , Santo Fortunato , Vittorio Loreto

Understanding adaptive human driving behavior, in particular how drivers manage uncertainty, is of key importance for developing simulated human driver models that can be used in the evaluation and development of autonomous vehicles.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Johan Engström , Ran Wei , Anthony McDonald , Alfredo Garcia , Matt O'Kelly , Leif Johnson

A central component of rational behavior is logical inference: the process of determining which conclusions follow from a set of premises. Psychologists have documented several ways in which humans' inferences deviate from the rules of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Tiwalayo Eisape , MH Tessler , Ishita Dasgupta , Fei Sha , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Tal Linzen

In recent years, Ising prior with the network information for the "in" or "out" binary random variable in Bayesian variable selections has received more and more attentions. In this paper, we discover that even without the informative prior…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-06-14 Zaili Fang , Inyoung Kim

Preferences of individuals are distributions of elements generated by generalized functions. Models of economic decision-making derived from such distributions are consistent with results of physiological experiments, and explain any…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2012-01-20 Leonid A. Shapiro

Most traditional models of uncertainty have focused on the associational relationship among variables as captured by conditional dependence. In order to successfully manage intelligent systems for decision making, however, we must be able…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-19 David Heckerman , Ross D. Shachter

Parametric prediction error methods constitute a classical approach to the identification of linear dynamic systems with excellent large-sample properties. A more recent regularized approach, inspired by machine learning and Bayesian…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Johan Wågberg , Dave Zachariah , Thomas B. Schön

In recent years there has been growing evidence that even after teaching designed to address the learning difficulties dictated by literature, many physics learners fail to create the proper reasoning chains that connect the fundamental…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-11-14 Dimitrios Gousopoulos

Cognitive biases are systematic errors in judgment. Researchers in data visualizations have explored whether cognitive biases transfer to decision-making tasks with interactive data visualizations. At the same time, cognitive scientists…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Ryan Wesslen , Doug Markant , Alireza Karduni , Wenwen Dou

This paper develops some mathematical models arising in behavioral sciences, particularly in psychology, which are formalized via general preferences with variable ordering structures. Our considerations are based on the recent variational…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-11-26 T. Q. Bao , B. S. Mordukhovich , A. Soubeyran

Coordination is a desirable feature in many multi-agent systems such as robotic and socioeconomic networks. We consider a task allocation problem as a binary networked coordination game over an undirected regular graph. Each agent in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Yifei Zhang , Marcos M. Vasconcelos

Financial markets are a classical example of complex systems as they comprise many interacting stocks. As such, we can obtain a surprisingly good description of their structure by making the rough simplification of binary daily returns.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-01-28 Thomas Bury

Traditional economic models typically treat private information, or signals, as generated from some underlying state. Recent work has explicated alternative models, where signals correspond to interpretations of available information. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Michael P. Wellman , Lu Hong , Scott E. Page

We introduce a new Ising-type framework for opinion dynamics that explicitly separates private preferences from publicly expressed binary opinions and naturally incorporates neutral agents. Each individual is endowed with an immutable…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Simone Baldassarri , Vanessa Jacquier , Alessandro Zocca

We develop a mathematical and interpretative foundation for the enterprise of decision-theoretic statistical causality (DT), which is a straightforward way of representing and addressing causal questions. DT reframes causal inference as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 A. Philip Dawid

The capability of making explainable inferences regarding physical processes has long been desired. One fundamental physical process is object motion. Inferring what causes the motion of a group of objects can even be a challenging task for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Xiaoyu Ge , Jochen Renz , Hua Hua

A modelling framework, based on the theory of signal processing, for characterising the dynamics of systems driven by the unravelling of information is outlined, and is applied to describe the process of decision making. The model input of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-04-14 Dorje C. Brody

We combine several folklore observations to provide a working framework for iterating constructions which contradict the axiom of choice. We use this to define a model in which any kind of structural failure must fail with a proper class of…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Asaf Karagila

We contribute to the mathematical theory of the design of low temperature Ising machines, a type of experimental probabilistic computing device implementing the Ising model. Encoding the output of a function in the ground state of a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Andrew G. Moore , Zachary Richey , Isaac K. Martin