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Reinforcement learning has the potential to automate the acquisition of behavior in complex settings, but in order for it to be successfully deployed, a number of practical challenges must be addressed. First, in real world settings, when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Kelvin Xu , Siddharth Verma , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Interactive fiction games have emerged as an important application to improve the generalization capabilities of language-based reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Existing environments for interactive fiction games are domain-specific or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Shreyas Basavatia , Keerthiram Murugesan , Shivam Ratnakar

As agentic systems increasingly rely on reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards, standardized ``gym'' infrastructure has become essential for rapid iteration, reproducibility, and fair comparison. Vision agents lack such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Fanqing Meng , Lingxiao Du , Jiawei Gu , Jiaqi Liao , Linjie Li , Zijian Wu , Xiangyan Liu , Ziqi Zhao , Mengkang Hu , Zichen Liu , Jiaheng Zhang , Michael Qizhe Shieh

Generalist LLM agents are often post-trained on a narrow set of environments but deployed across far broader, unseen domains. In this work, we investigate the challenge of agentic post-training when the eventual test domains are unknown.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zhihan Liu , Lin Guan , Yixin Nie , Kai Zhang , Zhuoqun Hao , Lin Chen , Asli Celikyilmaz , Zhaoran Wang , Na Zhang

Despite the significant progress of deep reinforcement learning (RL) in solving sequential decision making problems, RL agents often overfit to training environments and struggle to adapt to new, unseen environments. This prevents robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Xingyu Lu , Kimin Lee , Pieter Abbeel , Stas Tiomkin

Despite the recent advancement in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), the MARL agents easily overfit the training environment and perform poorly in the evaluation scenarios where other agents behave differently. Obtaining…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Wei Qiu , Xiao Ma , Bo An , Svetlana Obraztsova , Shuicheng Yan , Zhongwen Xu

A significant challenge in developing AI that can generalize well is designing agents that learn about their world without being told what to learn, and apply that learning to challenges with sparse rewards. Moreover, most traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Eric Zelikman , William Yin , Kenneth Wang

In this paper we introduce DeepCrawl, a fully-playable Roguelike prototype for iOS and Android in which all agents are controlled by policy networks trained using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). Our aim is to understand whether recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Alessandro Sestini , Alexander Kuhnle , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Despite impressive successes, deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems still fall short of human performance on generalization to new tasks and environments that differ from their training. As a benchmark tailored for studying RL…

Developing reasoning capabilities in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains challenging. Motivated by literature suggesting that gameplay promotes transferable reasoning skills, we propose a novel post-training method, Visual Game…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yunfei Xie , Yinsong Ma , Shiyi Lan , Alan Yuille , Junfei Xiao , Chen Wei

Recently, empowered with the powerful capabilities of neural networks, reinforcement learning (RL) has successfully tackled numerous challenging tasks. However, while these models demonstrate enhanced decision-making abilities, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhengpeng Xie , Yulong Zhang

The Reinforcement Learning field is strong on achievements and weak on reapplication; a computer playing GO at a super-human level is still terrible at Tic-Tac-Toe. This paper asks whether the method of training networks improves their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Brad Windsor , Brandon O'Shea , Mengxi Wu

Group-agent reinforcement learning (GARL) is a newly arising learning scenario, where multiple reinforcement learning agents study together in a group, sharing knowledge in an asynchronous fashion. The goal is to improve the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kaiyue Wu , Xiao-Jun Zeng , Tingting Mu

Visual Reinforcement Learning (Visual RL), coupled with high-dimensional observations, has consistently confronted the long-standing challenge of out-of-distribution generalization. Despite the focus on algorithms aimed at resolving visual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Zhecheng Yuan , Sizhe Yang , Pu Hua , Can Chang , Kaizhe Hu , Huazhe Xu

This paper introduces Honor of Kings Arena, a reinforcement learning (RL) environment based on Honor of Kings, one of the world's most popular games at present. Compared to other environments studied in most previous work, ours presents new…

The diversity of tasks and dynamic nature of reinforcement learning (RL) require RL agents to be able to learn sequentially and continuously, a learning paradigm known as continuous reinforcement learning. This survey reviews how continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Amara Zuffer , Michael Burke , Mehrtash Harandi

A key method for creating Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents is Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, constructing a standalone RL policy that maps perception to action directly encounters severe problems, chief among them being its lack…

Research in deep reinforcement learning (RL) has coalesced around improving performance on benchmarks like the Arcade Learning Environment. However, these benchmarks conspicuously miss important characteristics like abrupt context-dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Akshat Agarwal , Ryan Hope , Katia Sycara

Despite promising progress in reinforcement learning (RL), developing algorithms for autonomous driving (AD) remains challenging: one of the critical issues being the absence of an open-source platform capable of training and effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Parth Kothari , Christian Perone , Luca Bergamini , Alexandre Alahi , Peter Ondruska

Reinforcement learning (RL) training is inherently unstable due to factors such as moving targets and high gradient variance. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ju-Seung Byun , Andrew Perrault
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