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Federated learning is an emerging privacy-preserving AI technique where clients (i.e., organisations or devices) train models locally and formulate a global model based on the local model updates without transferring local data externally.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Sin Kit Lo , Yue Liu , Qinghua Lu , Chen Wang , Xiwei Xu , Hye-Young Paik , Liming Zhu

This volume contains the proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Applicable Formal Methods (AppFM 2021), 23 November 2021, held online as part of the 24th International Symposium on Formal Methods (FM). The aim of the AppFM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Mario Gleirscher , Jaco van de Pol , Jim Woodcock

With growing demands for privacy protection, security, and legal compliance (e.g., GDPR), machine unlearning has emerged as a critical technique for ensuring the controllability and regulatory alignment of machine learning models. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Lulu Xue , Shengshan Hu , Wei Lu , Yan Shen , Dongxu Li , Peijin Guo , Ziqi Zhou , Minghui Li , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have become increasingly popular in many areas. Nevertheless, AI technologies are still in their developing stages, and many issues need to be addressed. Among those, the reliability of AI systems needs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Yili Hong , Jiayi Lian , Li Xu , Jie Min , Yueyao Wang , Laura J. Freeman , Xinwei Deng

Machine unlearning aims to remove points from the training dataset of a machine learning model after training: e.g., when a user requests their data to be deleted. While many unlearning methods have been proposed, none of them enable users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Thorsten Eisenhofer , Doreen Riepel , Varun Chandrasekaran , Esha Ghosh , Olga Ohrimenko , Nicolas Papernot

In this paper, we propose "Confident AI" as a means to designing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems with both algorithm and user confidence in model predictions and reported results. The 4 basic tenets of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Jim Davis

Responsible AI is becoming critical as AI is widely used in our everyday lives. Many companies that deploy AI publicly state that when training a model, we not only need to improve its accuracy, but also need to guarantee that the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Steven Euijong Whang , Ki Hyun Tae , Yuji Roh , Geon Heo

In this article, we propose the Artificial Intelligence Security Taxonomy to systematize the knowledge of threats, vulnerabilities, and security controls of machine-learning-based (ML-based) systems. We first classify the damage caused by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Yusuke Kawamoto , Kazumasa Miyake , Koichi Konishi , Yutaka Oiwa

Federated Learning (FL), while a breakthrough in decentralized machine learning, contends with significant challenges such as limited data availability and the variability of computational resources, which can stifle the performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiaqi Wang , Xi Li

Artificial Intelligence is one of the fastest growing technologies of the 21st century and accompanies us in our daily lives when interacting with technical applications. However, reliance on such technical systems is crucial for their…

Algorithmic fairness has attracted increasing attention in the machine learning community. Various definitions are proposed in the literature, but the differences and connections among them are not clearly addressed. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Zeyu Tang , Jiji Zhang , Kun Zhang

Fairness-aware learning aims at constructing classifiers that not only make accurate predictions, but also do not discriminate against specific groups. It is a fast-growing area of machine learning with far-reaching societal impact.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Eugenia Iofinova , Nikola Konstantinov , Christoph H. Lampert

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in robotic systems presents unique safety challenges, particularly in unpredictable environments. Although LLMs, leveraging zero-shot learning, enhance human-robot interaction and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Ahmad Hafez , Alireza Naderi Akhormeh , Amr Hegazy , Amr Alanwar

Safety in reinforcement learning (RL) is a key property in both training and execution in many domains such as autonomous driving or finance. In this paper, we formalize it with a constrained RL formulation in the distributional RL setting.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Jianyi Zhang , Paul Weng

Research on decision support applications in healthcare, such as those related to diagnosis, prediction, treatment planning, etc., have seen enormously increased interest recently. This development is thanks to the increase in data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Jussi Tohka , Mark van Gils

Federated learning holds great promise in learning from fragmented sensitive data and has revolutionized how machine learning models are trained. This article provides a systematic overview and detailed taxonomy of federated learning. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Sherin Mary Mathews , Samuel A. Assefa

Fairness and robustness are critical elements of Trustworthy AI that need to be addressed together. Fairness is about learning an unbiased model while robustness is about learning from corrupted data, and it is known that addressing only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Yuji Roh , Kangwook Lee , Steven Euijong Whang , Changho Suh

Federated learning involves training statistical models over remote devices such as mobile phones while keeping data localized. Training in heterogeneous and potentially massive networks introduces opportunities for privacy-preserving data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Afra Mashhadi , Alex Kyllo , Reza M. Parizi

Fairness in machine learning is more important than ever as ethical concerns continue to grow. Individual fairness demands that individuals differing only in sensitive attributes receive the same outcomes. However, commonly used machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Ruihan Zhang , Jun Sun

A common trait of many machine learning models is that it is often difficult to understand and explain what caused the model to produce the given output. While the explainability of neural networks has been an active field of research in…