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Although the word-popularity based negative sampler has shown superb performance in the skip-gram model, the theoretical motivation behind oversampling popular (non-observed) words as negative samples is still not well understood. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Long Chen , Fajie Yuan , Joemon M. Jose , Weinan Zhang

Word embeddings are a fundamental tool in natural language processing. Currently, word embedding methods are evaluated on the basis of empirical performance on benchmark data sets, and there is a lack of rigorous understanding of their…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-18 Neil Dey , Matthew Singer , Jonathan P. Williams , Srijan Sengupta

This article presents a distributed vector representation model for learning folksong motifs. A skip-gram version of word2vec with negative sampling is used to represent high quality embeddings. Motifs from the Essen Folksong collection are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Aitor Arronte-Alvarez , Francisco Gómez-Martin

Topic modeling is used for discovering latent semantic structure, usually referred to as topics, in a large collection of documents. The most widely used methods are Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Dimo Angelov

Topic models have been widely used in discovering latent topics which are shared across documents in text mining. Vector representations, word embeddings and topic embeddings, map words and topics into a low-dimensional and dense real-value…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-24 Jarvan Law , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Junhua He , Erhu Rong

Learning word representations has garnered greater attention in the recent past due to its diverse text applications. Word embeddings encapsulate the syntactic and semantic regularities of sentences. Modelling word embedding as multi-sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 P. Jayashree , Ballijepalli Shreya , P. K. Srijith

Over the past years, distributed semantic representations have proved to be effective and flexible keepers of prior knowledge to be integrated into downstream applications. This survey focuses on the representation of meaning. We start from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Jose Camacho-Collados , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Determining the intended sense of words in text - word sense disambiguation (WSD) - is a long standing problem in natural language processing. Recently, researchers have shown promising results using word vectors extracted from a neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Dayu Yuan , Julian Richardson , Ryan Doherty , Colin Evans , Eric Altendorf

Sentence scoring aims at measuring the likelihood score of a sentence and is widely used in many natural language processing scenarios, like reranking, which is to select the best sentence from multiple candidates. Previous works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Kaitao Song , Yichong Leng , Xu Tan , Yicheng Zou , Tao Qin , Dongsheng Li

Search behaviour is characterised using synonymy and polysemy as users often want to search information based on meaning. Semantic representation strategies represent a move towards richer associative connections that can adequately capture…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Niall McCarroll , Kevin Curran , Eugene McNamee , Angela Clist , Andrew Brammer

Many NLP applications require disambiguating polysemous words. Existing methods that learn polysemous word vector representations involve first detecting various senses and optimizing the sense-specific embeddings separately, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Yifan Sun , Nikhil Rao , Weicong Ding

Feature norm datasets of human conceptual knowledge, collected in surveys of human volunteers, yield highly interpretable models of word meaning and play an important role in neurolinguistic research on semantic cognition. However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Steven Derby , Paul Miller , Barry Devereux

Word2vec is a popular family of algorithms for unsupervised training of dense vector representations of words on large text corpuses. The resulting vectors have been shown to capture semantic relationships among their corresponding words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-29 Erik Ordentlich , Lee Yang , Andy Feng , Peter Cnudde , Mihajlo Grbovic , Nemanja Djuric , Vladan Radosavljevic , Gavin Owens

Word embeddings predict a word from its neighbours by learning small, dense embedding vectors. In practice, this prediction corresponds to a semantic score given to the predicted word (or term weight). We present a novel model that, given a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Casper Hansen , Christian Hansen , Stephen Alstrup , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Christina Lioma

Distributed word representations are widely used for modeling words in NLP tasks. Most of the existing models generate one representation per word and do not consider different meanings of a word. We present two approaches to learn multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Marzieh Fadaee , Arianna Bisazza , Christof Monz

Traditional sentiment analysis often uses sentiment dictionary to extract sentiment information in text and classify documents. However, emerging informal words and phrases in user generated content call for analysis aware to the context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-14 Yushi Yao , Guangjian Li

We show that the skip-gram formulation of word2vec trained with negative sampling is equivalent to a weighted logistic PCA. This connection allows us to better understand the objective, compare it to other word embedding methods, and extend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Andrew J. Landgraf , Jeremy Bellay

Word embedding models such as the skip-gram learn vector representations of words' semantic relationships, and document embedding models learn similar representations for documents. On the other hand, topic models provide latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Kamrun Naher Keya , Yannis Papanikolaou , James R. Foulds

Current work in lexical distributed representations maps each word to a point vector in low-dimensional space. Mapping instead to a density provides many interesting advantages, including better capturing uncertainty about a representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-05-04 Luke Vilnis , Andrew McCallum

We evaluate 8 different word embedding models on their usefulness for predicting the neural activation patterns associated with concrete nouns. The models we consider include an experiential model, based on crowd-sourced association data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Samira Abnar , Rasyan Ahmed , Max Mijnheer , Willem Zuidema