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The rate of entropy production provides a useful quantitative measure of a non-equilibrium system and estimating it directly from time-series data from experiments is highly desirable. Several approaches have been considered for stationary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-21 Shun Otsubo , Sreekanth K Manikandan , Takahiro Sagawa , Supriya Krishnamurthy

Entropy estimation is of practical importance in information theory and statistical science. Many existing entropy estimators suffer from fast growing estimation bias with respect to dimensionality, rendering them unsuitable for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Ziqiao Ao , Jinglai Li

The major problem in information theoretic analysis of neural responses and other biological data is the reliable estimation of entropy--like quantities from small samples. We apply a recently introduced Bayesian entropy estimator to…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-09-29 Ilya Nemenman , William Bialek , Rob de Ruyter van Steveninck

Estimating the mixing density of a mixture distribution remains an interesting problem in statistics literature. Using a stochastic approximation method, Newton and Zhang (1999) introduced a fast recursive algorithm for estimating the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-29 Nilabja Guha , Anindya Roy

The Shannon entropy, and related quantities such as mutual information, can be used to quantify uncertainty and relevance. However, in practice, it can be difficult to compute these quantities for arbitrary probability distributions,…

Computation · Statistics 2017-10-11 Brendon J. Brewer

In this work we introduce a method for estimating entropy rate and entropy production rate from finite symbolic time series. From the point of view of statistics, estimating entropy from a finite series can be interpreted as a problem of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-24 Raul Salgado-Garcia , Cesar Maldonado

Estimating entropy production from real observation data can be difficult due to finite resolution in both space and time and finite measurement statistics. We characterize the statistical error introduced by finite sample size and compare…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-09 Jonas H. Fritz , Benjamin Ertel , Udo Seifert

Estimating the entropy of a discrete random variable is a fundamental problem in information theory and related fields. This problem has many applications in various domains, including machine learning, statistics and data compression. Over…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Yuval Shalev , Amichai Painsky , Irad Ben-Gal

We prove that under certain mild assumptions, the entropy rate of a hidden Markov chain, observed when passing a finite-state stationary Markov chain through a discrete-time continuous-output channel, is jointly analytic as a function of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-17 Guangyue Han , Brian Marcus

The estimation of information measures of continuous distributions based on samples is a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning. In this paper, we analyze estimates of differential entropy in $K$-dimensional Euclidean space,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Georg Pichler , Pablo Piantanida , Günther Koliander

Entropy notions for $\varepsilon$-incremental practical stability and incremental stability of deterministic nonlinear systems under disturbances are introduced. The entropy notions are constructed via a set of points in state space which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Michelle S. Chong

The ordinal approach to evaluate time series due to innovative works of Bandt and Pompe has increasingly established itself among other techniques of nonlinear time series analysis. In this paper, we summarize and generalize the theory of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-19 Karsten Keller , Sergiy Maksymenko , Inga Stolz

This paper addresses the estimation of locally stationary long-range dependent processes, a methodology that allows the statistical analysis of time series data exhibiting both nonstationarity and strong dependency. A time-varying…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-12 Wilfredo Palma , Ricardo Olea

We obtain estimates on the exponential rate of decay of the relative entropy from equilibrium for Markov processes with a non-local infinitesimal generator. We adapt some of the ideas coming from the Bakry-Emery approach to this setting. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-14 Paolo Dai Pra , Gustavo Posta

While it is tempting in experimental practice to seek as high a data rate as possible, oversampling can become an issue if one takes measurements too densely. These effects can take many forms, some of which are easy to detect: e.g., when…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Michael Neuder , Elizabeth Bradley , Edward Dlugokencky , James W. C. White , Joshua Garland

We observe a length-$n$ sample generated by an unknown,stationary ergodic Markov process (\emph{model}) over a finite alphabet $\mathcal{A}$. Given any string $\bf{w}$ of symbols from $\mathcal{A}$ we want estimates of the conditional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-11 Meysam Asadi , Ramezan Paravi Torghabeh , Narayana P. Santhanam

Markov chains are a natural and well understood tool for describing one-dimensional patterns in time or space. We show how to infer $k$-th order Markov chains, for arbitrary $k$, from finite data by applying Bayesian methods to both…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-13 Christopher C. Strelioff , James P. Crutchfield , Alfred W. Hubler

We describe how to analyze the wide class of non stationary processes with stationary centered increments using Shannon information theory. To do so, we use a practical viewpoint and define ersatz quantities from time-averaged probability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Carlos Granero-Belinchon , Stéphane G. Roux , Nicolas Garnier

We propose an algorithm to estimate the common density $s$ of a stationary process $X_1,...,X_n$. We suppose that the process is either $\beta$ or $\tau$-mixing. We provide a model selection procedure based on a generalization of Mallows'…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-08 Matthieu Lerasle

Reliable data-driven estimation of Shannon entropy from small data sets, where the number of examples is potentially smaller than the number of possible outcomes, is a critical matter in several applications. In this paper, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Gabriel F. A. Bastos , Jugurta Montalvão