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This document describes a code to perform parameter estimation and model selection in targeted searches for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars using data from ground-based gravitational wave detectors. We describe the general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-26 Matthew Pitkin , Maximiliano Isi , John Veitch , Graham Woan

Gravitational waves are predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity as well as other theories of gravity. The rotational stability of the fastest pulsars means that timing of an array of these objects can be used to detect and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 J. Ellis , M. A. McLaughlin , J. P. W. Verbiest

We discuss a robust data analysis method to detect a stochastic background of gravitational waves in the presence of non-Gaussian noise. In contrast to the standard cross-correlation (SCC) statistic frequently used in the stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Yoshiaki Himemoto , Atsushi Taruya , Hideaki Kudoh , Takashi Hiramatsu

Evidence for a low-frequency stochastic gravitational wave background has recently been reported based on analyses of pulsar timing array data. The most likely source of such a background is a population of supermassive black hole binaries,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-26 Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Bence Bécsy , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Robin Case , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Matthew C. Digman , Timothy Dolch , Brendan Drachler , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel Freedman , Nathaniel Garver-Daniels , Peter Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Jeffrey Hazboun , Sophie Hourihane , Ross Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey Key , Nima Laal , Michael Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Santiago Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Patrick M. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , andrea mitridate , priya natarajan , Cherry Ng , David Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge Perera , Polina Petrov , Nihan Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph Romano , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Ann Schmiedekamp , Carl Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena Siwek , Ingrid Stairs , Dan Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph Swiggum , Jacob Taylor , Stephen Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Rutger van Haasteren , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin Witt , Olivia Young

Pulsar timing array experiments have recently reported strong evidence for a common-spectrum stochastic process with a strain spectral index consistent with that expected of a nanohertz-frequency gravitational-wave background, but with…

Present cosmological data are well explained assuming purely adiabatic perturbations, but an admixture of isocurvature perturbations is also permitted. We use a Bayesian framework to compare the performance of cosmological models including…

An isotropic stochastic background of nanohertz gravitational waves creates excess residual power in pulsar-timing-array datasets, with characteristic inter-pulsar correlations described by the Hellings-Downs function. These correlations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-25 Sophie Hourihane , Patrick Meyers , Aaron Johnson , Katerina Chatziioannou , Michele Vallisneri

Motivated by the first detection of gravitational waves, this dissertation develops analytical, numerical, and data analysis techniques to address persistent blind spots in our understanding of gravity. Beginning with asymptotically flat…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-04 David Maibach

By listening to gravity in the low frequency band, between 0.1 mHz and 1 Hz, the future space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA will be able to detect tens of thousands of astrophysical sources from cosmic dawn to the present. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-24 Quentin Baghi , Ira Thorpe , Jacob Slutsky , John Baker , Tito Dal Canton , Natalia Korsakova , Nikos Karnesis

These lecture notes provide a brief introduction to methods used to search for a stochastic background of gravitational radiation -- a superposition of gravitational-wave signals that are either too weak or too numerous to individually…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-07 Joseph D. Romano

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), which is currently under construction, is designed to measure gravitational wave signals in the milli-Hertz frequency band. It is expected that tens of millions of Galactic binaries will be the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-12 Stefan H. Strub , Luigi Ferraioli , Cedric Schmelzbach , Simon C. Stähler , Domenico Giardini

Supermassive black hole binaries, cosmic strings, relic gravitational waves from inflation, and first order phase transitions in the early universe are expected to contribute to a stochastic background of gravitational waves in the 10^(-9)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Sydney J. Chamberlin , Jolien D. E. Creighton , Paul B. Demorest , Justin Ellis , Larry R. Price , Joseph D. Romano , Xavier Siemens

We consider the problem of estimating cross-spectral quantities in the low-frequency regime, where long observation times limit averaging over large ensembles of periodograms, thereby preventing the use of approximate Gaussian statistics.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-16 Lorenzo Sala , Stefano Vitale

The recent detection of nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs) by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) promises unique insights into astrophysical and cosmological origins. However, traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-12 Junrong Lai , Changhong Li

The recent discovery of the stochastic gravitational-wave background via pulsar timing arrays will likely be followed by the detection of individual black hole binaries that stand out above the background. However, to confidently claim the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-26 Bence Bécsy , Neil J. Cornish , Polina Petrov , Xavier Siemens , Stephen R. Taylor , Sarah J. Vigeland , Caitlin A. Witt

Here we present a Bayesian method of including discrete measurements of dispersion measure due to the interstellar medium in the direction of a pulsar as prior information in the analysis of that pulsar. We use a simple simulation to show…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-10 Lindley Lentati , Paul Alexander , Michael P. Hobson

Using public pulse time-of-arrival data from five pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), we search for a stationary, isotropic, and unpolarized nHz stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB). This analysis is more sensitive than previous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Wang-Wei Yu , Bruce Allen

Accurately estimating the parameters of the nanohertz gravitational-wave background is essential for understanding its origin. The background is typically modeled with a power-law spectrum, parametrized with an amplitude $A$, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-25 Valentina Di Marco , Andrew Zic , Ryan M. Shannon , Eric Thrane , Atharva D. Kulkarni

The search for gamma-ray counterparts to gravitational-wave events with the CALET Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (CGBM) requires accurate and robust background modeling. Previous CALET observing runs (O3 and O4) relied on averaged pre/post-event…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-20 Bisweswar Sen

Model comparison is the cornerstone of theoretical progress in psychological research. Common practice overwhelmingly relies on tools that evaluate competing models by balancing in-sample descriptive adequacy against model flexibility, with…

Applications · Statistics 2021-10-11 Viet-Hung Dao , David Gunawan , Minh-Ngoc Tran , Robert Kohn , Guy E. Hawkins , Scott D. Brown