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Related papers: The experiment paradox in physics

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These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-09-08 Ariel Caticha

Established frameworks to understand problems with reproducibility in science begin with the relationship between our understanding of the prior probability of a claim and the statistical certainty that should be demanded of it, and explore…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-05-30 Maria Chikina , Wesley Pegden

We argue that the intractable part of the measurement problem -- the 'big' measurement problem -- is a pseudo-problem that depends for its legitimacy on the acceptance of two dogmas. The first dogma is John Bell's assertion that measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-19 Jeffrey Bub , Itamar Pitowsky

We discuss in this work the contradictory position in modern Physics between the existence of a microphysical quantum Reality and macrophysical classical one. After discussing some basic concepts in Philosophy, we revisit the situation of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-01-19 J. E. Horvath , R. Rosas Fernandes , T. E. Idiart

We analyse the implications of the closure of the physical for experiments in the scientific study of consciousness when all the details are considered, especially how measurement results relate to physical events. It turns out that the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-02-07 Johannes Kleiner , Stephan Hartmann

Physics has long lived with a schizophrenia that desires determinism for measured systems while demanding that experimenters decide what to measure on a whim. Intriguingly, such a free will assumption for experimenters has thwarted many…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-11-09 Joseph J. Bisognano

A goal of physics is to understand the greatest possible breadth of natural phenomena in terms of the most economical set of basic concepts. However, as the understanding of physics has developed historically, its pedagogy and language have…

General Physics · Physics 2020-10-21 B. C. Regan

We reveal a contradiction in measure-theoretic probability. The contradiction is an "equation" $1/2 = 0$ with its two sides representing probabilities. Unlike known paradoxes in mathematics, the revealed contradiction cannot be explained…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2014-12-18 Guang-Liang Li , Victor O. K. Li

The process of doing Science in condition of uncertainty is illustrated with a toy experiment in which the inferential and the forecasting aspects are both present. The fundamental aspects of probabilistic reasoning, also relevant in real…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2018-02-07 Giulio D'Agostini

Quantum theory demands that, in contrast to classical physics, not all properties can be simultaneously well defined. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is a manifestation of this fact. Another important corollary arises that there can be…

The analysis of the arguments within the limits of the classical thermodynamics that lead to the Gibbs paradox was made. Features of preconditions used in the derivation of the entropy of mixing of ideal gases that caused the appearance of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-05-06 V. Ihnatovych

This paper revisits the foundations of mathematical proof through the lens of Aristotle's threefold conception of truth: sensory evidence, axiomatic definition, and syllogistic deduction. I argue that modern mathematics has too often…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Paul J. Jorion

In this paper, we reject commonly accepted views on fundamentality in science, either based on bottom-up construction or top-down reduction to isolate the alleged fundamental entities. We do not introduce any new scientific methodology, but…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-10-20 Flavio Del Santo , Chiara Cardelli

A primary goal of physics is to create mathematical models that allow both predictions and explanations of physical phenomena. We weave maths extensively into our physics instruction beginning in high school, and the level and complexity of…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-04-12 Edward F. Redish

An analysis using classical stochastic processes is used to construct a consistent system of quantum counterfactual reasoning. When applied to a counterfactual version of Hardy's paradox, it shows that the probabilistic character of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Robert B. Griffiths

A tradition handed down among physicists maintains that classical physics is a perfectly deterministic theory capable of predicting the future with absolute certainty, independently of any interpretations. It also tells that it was quantum…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-03-09 Flavio Del Santo

In the operational approach to general probabilistic theories one distinguishes two spaces, the state space of the "elementary systems" and the physical space in which "laboratory devices" are embedded. Each of those spaces has its own…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-16 Borivoje Dakic , Caslav Brukner

Classical-realistic analysis of entangled systems have lead to retrodiction paradoxes, which ordinarily have been dismissed on the grounds of counter-factuality. Instead, we claim that such paradoxes point to a deeper logical structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Yakir Aharonov , Alonso Botero , Sandu Popescu , Benni Reznik , Jeff Tollaksen

Testing hypotheses is an issue of primary importance in the scientific research, as well as in many other human activities. Much clarification about it can be achieved if the process of learning from data is framed in a stochastic model of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 G. D'Agostini

The violation of Bell inequalities by experiment has convinced physicists that we cannot maintain a classical view of the world. When we argue against the possibility of local realist hidden-variable models, however, the ubiquitous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-16 Peter Morgan