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The 21cm signal of neutral hydrogen contains a wealth of information about the poorly constrained era of cosmological history, the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Recently, AI models trained on EoR simulations have gained significant attention…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-08 Jasper Solt , Jonathan C. Pober , Stephen H. Bach

The 21 cm signal contains a wealth of information about the formation of the first stars and the reionization of the intergalactic medium during the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization (EoR). The timing of these important milestones…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-15 Nadia Cooper , Carina Norregaard , Romain Meriot , Jonathan R. Pritchard

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Epoch of Reionisation and Cosmic Dawn (EoR/CD) experiments aim to explore the growth of structure and production of ionising radiation in the first billion years of the Universe. Here I describe the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-22 Cathryn M. Trott

The Universe's Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization (EoR) can be studied using a number of observational probes that provide complementary or corroborating information. Each of these probes suffers from its own systematic and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-20 Vibor Jelic , Benedetta Ciardi , Elizabeth Fernandez , Hiroyuki Tashiro , Dijana Vrbanec

Predictions for the ability of 21-cm interferometric experiments to discriminate Epoch of Reionization (EoR) signal models are typically limited by the simplicity of data models, whereby foreground signals and characteristics of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-29 Ainulnabilah Nasirudin , Steven Murray , Cathryn Trott , Bradley Greig , Ronniy Joseph , Chris Power

Tests of general relativity (GR) are still in their infancy on cosmological scales, but forthcoming experiments promise to greatly improve their precision over a wide range of distance scales and redshifts. One such experiment, the Square…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-25 Philip Bull

Modern machine learning will allow for simulation-based inference from reionization-era 21cm observations at the Square Kilometre Array. Our framework combines a convolutional summary network and a conditional invertible network through a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-16 Benedikt Schosser , Caroline Heneka , Tilman Plehn

Context: New spectroscopic surveys will increase the number of astronomical objects requiring characterization by over tenfold.. Machine learning tools are required to address this data deluge in a fast and accurate fashion. Most machine…

In recent years, a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) based framework has been developed for foreground mitigation from data collected by the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR), to measure the 21-cm signal power spectrum from the Epoch of…

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA), when it becomes functional, is expected to enrich neutron star (NS) catalogues by at least an order of magnitude over their current state. This includes the discovery of new NS objects leading to better…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 Mihir Arjunwadkar , Akanksha Kashikar , Manjari Bagchi

Reconstruction of the sky brightness measured by radio interferometers is typically achieved through gridding techniques, or histograms in spatial Fourier space. For Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) 21 cm power spectrum measurements, extreme…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-22 Nichole Barry , Aman Chokshi

Kernel methods, particularly kernel ridge regression (KRR), are time-proven, powerful nonparametric regression techniques known for their rich capacity, analytical simplicity, and computational tractability. The analysis of their predictive…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Xin Bing , Xin He , Chao Wang

An extremely large void and a cosmic texture are two possible explanations for the cold spot seen in the cosmic microwave background. We investigate how well these two hypotheses can be tested with weak lensing of 21-cm fluctuations from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-24 Ely D. Kovetz , Marc Kamionkowski

The Square Kilometer Array (SKA) is an international effort to build the world's largest radio telescope, with one square kilometer collecting area. Besides its ambitious scientific objectives, such as probing the cosmic dawn and cradle of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-04-23 B. Wang , X. Zhu , C. Gao , Y. Bai , J. W. Dong , L. J. Wang

Observations of anisotropies in the brightness temperature of the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen from the period before reionization would shed light on the dawn of the first stars and galaxies. In this paper, we use large-scale…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-16 M. G. Santos , M. B. Silva , J. R. Pritchard , R. Cen , A. Cooray

We study the spherically averaged bispectrum of the 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). This metric provides a quantitative measurement of the level of non-Gaussianity of the signal which is expected to be high. We focus on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-22 Rajesh Mondal , Garrelt Mellema , Abinash Kumar Shaw , Mohd Kamran , Suman Majumdar

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will offer an unprecedented view onto the early Universe, using interferometric observations of the redshifted 21cm line. The 21cm line probes the thermal and ionization state of the cosmic gas, which is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Andrei Mesinger , Andrea Ferrara , Bradley Greig , Ilian Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Jonathan Pritchard , Mario G. Santos

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) provides an excellent opportunity for low cost searches for fast radio transients. The increased sensitivity and field of view of the SKA compared with other radio telescopes will make it an ideal instrument…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 T. M. Colegate , N. Clarke

The vast collecting area of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), harnessed by sensitive receivers, flexible digital electronics and increased computational capacity, could permit the most sensitive and exhaustive search for…

Motivated by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, multi-reference alignment (MRA) models the task of recovering an unknown signal from multiple noisy observations corrupted by random rotations. The standard approach,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-09 Shay Kreymer , Amnon Balanov , Tamir Bendory
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