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Today, there are standard and well established procedures within the Human Activity Recognition (HAR) pipeline. However, some of these conventional approaches lead to accuracy overestimation. In particular, sliding windows for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Andrés Tello , Victoria Degeler , Alexander Lazovik

State-of-the-art automated machine learning systems for tabular data often employ cross-validation; ensuring that measured performances generalize to unseen data, or that subsequent ensembling does not overfit. However, using k-fold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Edward Bergman , Lennart Purucker , Frank Hutter

This paper introduces e-fold cross-validation, an energy-efficient alternative to k-fold cross-validation. It dynamically adjusts the number of folds based on a stopping criterion. The criterion checks after each fold whether the standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Christopher Mahlich , Tobias Vente , Joeran Beel

Symbolic Regression remains an NP-Hard problem, with extensive research focusing on AI models for this task. Transformer models have shown promise in Symbolic Regression, but performance suffers with smaller datasets. We propose applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kaustubh Kislay , Shlok Singh , Soham Joshi , Rohan Dutta , Jay Shim , George Flint , Kevin Zhu

The k-fold cross-validation is commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of SVMs with the selected hyper-parameters. It is known that the SVM k-fold cross-validation is expensive, since it requires training k SVMs. However, little work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Zeyi Wen , Bin Li , Rao Kotagiri , Jian Chen , Yawen Chen , Rui Zhang

K-fold cross validation (CV) is a popular method for estimating the true performance of machine learning models, allowing model selection and parameter tuning. However, the very process of CV requires random partitioning of the data and so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Henry B. Moss , David S. Leslie , Paul Rayson

In traditional k-fold cross-validation, each instance is used ($k-1$) times for training and once for testing, leading to redundancy that lets many instances disproportionately influence the learning phase. We introduce Irredundant $k$-fold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jesus S. Aguilar-Ruiz

Cross-validation plays a fundamental role in Machine Learning, enabling robust evaluation of model performance and preventing overestimation on training and validation data. However, one of its drawbacks is the potential to create data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Afonso Martini Spezia , Thomas Fontanari , Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza

Cross-validation is a widely-used technique to estimate prediction error, but its behavior is complex and not fully understood. Ideally, one would like to think that cross-validation estimates the prediction error for the model at hand, fit…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-12 Stephen Bates , Trevor Hastie , Robert Tibshirani

K-fold cross-validation is a widely used tool for assessing classifier performance. The reproducibility crisis faced by artificial intelligence partly results from the irreproducibility of reported k-fold cross-validation-based performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Attila Fazekas , Gyorgy Kovacs

Activity recognition computer vision algorithms can be used to detect the presence of autism-related behaviors, including what are termed "restricted and repetitive behaviors", or stimming, by diagnostic instruments. The limited data that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Peter Washington , Aaron Kline , Onur Cezmi Mutlu , Emilie Leblanc , Cathy Hou , Nate Stockham , Kelley Paskov , Brianna Chrisman , Dennis P. Wall

Cross-validation is a popular non-parametric method for evaluating the accuracy of a predictive rule. The usefulness of cross-validation depends on the task we want to employ it for. In this note, I discuss a simple non-parametric setting,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-27 Stefan Wager

K-fold cross-validation (CV) with squared error loss is widely used for evaluating predictive models, especially when strong distributional assumptions cannot be taken. However, CV with squared error loss is not free from distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-10 Assaf Rabinowicz , Saharon Rosset

To combat the rising energy consumption of recommender systems we implement a novel alternative for k-fold cross validation. This alternative, named e-fold cross validation, aims to minimize the number of folds to achieve a reduction in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Moritz Baumgart , Lukas Wegmeth , Tobias Vente , Joeran Beel

Traditional human activity recognition (HAR) based on time series adopts sliding window analysis method. This method faces the multi-class window problem which mistakenly labels different classes of sampling points within a window as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Yong Zhang , Yu Zhang , Zhao Zhang , Jie Bao , Yunpeng Song

Cross-validation is a useful and generally applicable technique often employed in machine learning, including decision tree induction. An important disadvantage of straightforward implementation of the technique is its computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hendrik Blockeel , Jan Struyf

Cross-validation is a standard tool for obtaining a honest assessment of the performance of a prediction model. The commonly used version repeatedly splits data, trains the prediction model on the training set, evaluates the model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-10 Tianyu Pan , Vincent Z. Yu , Viswanath Devanarayan , Lu Tian

Given a high-dimensional covariate matrix and a response vector, ridge-regularized sparse linear regression selects a subset of features that explains the relationship between covariates and the response in an interpretable manner. To…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Ryan Cory-Wright , Andrés Gómez

We revisit the problem of ensuring strong test set performance via cross-validation, and propose a nested k-fold cross-validation scheme that selects hyperparameters by minimizing a weighted sum of the usual cross-validation metric and an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Ryan Cory-Wright , Andrés Gómez

In machine learning one often assumes the data are independent when evaluating model performance. However, this rarely holds in practise. Geographic information data sets are an example where the data points have stronger dependencies among…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-01 Jonne Pohjankukka , Tapio Pahikkala , Paavo Nevalainen , Jukka Heikkonen
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