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We investigate a recent semantics for intermediate (and modal) logics in terms of polyhedra. The main result is a finite axiomatisation of the intermediate logic of the class of all polytopes -- i.e., compact convex polyhedra -- denoted PL.…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Sam Adam-Day , Nick Bezhanishvili , David Gabelaia , Vincenzo Marra

The area of geometry with its very strong and appealing visual contents and its also strong and appealing connection between the visual content and its formal specification, is an area where computational tools can enhance, in a significant…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-02-23 Vanda Santos , Pedro Quaresma

Proof by induction plays a central role in formal verification. However, its automation remains as a formidable challenge in Computer Science. To solve inductive problems, human engineers often have to provide auxiliary lemmas manually. We…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Yutaka Nagashima , Zijin Xu , Ningli Wang , Daniel Sebastian Goc , James Bang

Recently, Logic Explained Networks (LENs) have been proposed as explainable-by-design neural models providing logic explanations for their predictions. However, these models have only been applied to vision and tabular data, and they mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Rishabh Jain , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Davide Buffelli , Pietro Lio

Aiming at efficient and dense chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, latent reasoning methods fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs) to substitute discrete language tokens with continuous latent tokens. These methods consume fewer tokens…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhi Zheng , Wee Sun Lee

Injustices in text are often subtle since implicit biases or stereotypes frequently operate unconsciously due to the pervasive nature of prejudice in society. This makes automated detection of injustices more challenging which leads to them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Kenya Andrews , Lamogha Chiazor

Automated proof generation for formal software verification remains largely unresolved despite advances in large language models (LLMs). While LLMs perform well in NLP, vision, and code generation, formal verification still requires…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Youngjoo Ahn , Sangyeop Yeo , Gijung Im , Jongmin Lee , Jinyoung Yeo , Jieung Kim

Automated theorem provers (ATPs) can disprove conjectures by saturating a set of clauses, but the resulting saturated sets are opaque certificates. In the unit equational fragment, a saturated set can in fact be read as a convergent rewrite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mikoláš Janota , Michael Rawson , Stephan Schulz

Formal, automated theorem proving has long been viewed as a challenge to artificial intelligence. We introduce here a new approach to computer theorem proving, one that employs specialized language models for Lean4 proof generation combined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kelly J. Davis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently advanced the field of Automated Theorem Proving (ATP), attaining substantial performance gains through widely adopted test-time scaling strategies, notably reflective Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Mukai Li , Linfeng Song , Zhenwen Liang , Jiahao Xu , Shansan Gong , Qi Liu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Recent advances in automated theorem proving leverages language models to explore expanded search spaces by step-by-step proof generation. However, such approaches are usually based on short-sighted heuristics (e.g., log probability or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Haiming Wang , Huajian Xin , Zhengying Liu , Wenda Li , Yinya Huang , Jianqiao Lu , Zhicheng Yang , Jing Tang , Jian Yin , Zhenguo Li , Xiaodan Liang

Interactive proof assistants are computer programs carefully constructed to check a human-designed proof of a mathematical claim with high confidence in the implementation. However, this only validates truth of a formal claim, which may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Colin S. Gordon , Sergey Matskevich

LLM-based formal proof assistants (e.g., in Lean) hold great promise for automating mathematical discovery. But beyond syntactic correctness, do these systems truly understand mathematical structure as humans do? We investigate this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Haoyu Zhao , Yihan Geng , Shange Tang , Yong Lin , Bohan Lyu , Hongzhou Lin , Chi Jin , Sanjeev Arora

Proof assistants are computer softwares that allow us to write mathematical proofs so as to assess their correctness. In November 2021, I started the project of checking the simplicity of the alternating groups within the Lean theorem…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Antoine Chambert-Loir

The Web Geometry Laboratory (WGL) is a collaborative and adaptive e-learning Web platform integrating a well known dynamic geometry system. Thousands of Geometric problems for Geometric Theorem Provers (TGTP) is a Web-based repository of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Pedro Quaresma , Vanda Santos , Nuno Baeta

Dynamic geometry systems (DGS) have become basic tools in many areas of geometry as, for example, in education. Geometry Automated Theorem Provers (GATP) are an active area of research and are considered as being basic tools in future…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-05-15 Yannis Haralambous , Pedro Quaresma

The ever-growing complexity of mathematical proofs makes their manual verification by mathematicians very cognitively demanding. Autoformalization seeks to address this by translating proofs written in natural language into a formal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Garett Cunningham , Razvan C. Bunescu , David Juedes

Although automated reasoning with diagrams has been possible for some years, tools for diagrammatic reasoning are generally much less sophisticated than their sentential cousins. The tasks of exploring levels of automation and abstraction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-26 Sven Linker , Jim Burton , Mateja Jamnik

This paper presents an intelligent tutoring system, GeoTutor, for Euclidean Geometry that is automatically able to synthesize proof problems and their respective solutions given a geometric figure together with a set of properties true of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-10-30 Chris Alvin , Sumit Gulwani , Rupak Majumdar , Supratik Mukhopadhyay

The need for formal definition of the very basis of mathematics arose in the last century. The scale and complexity of mathematics, along with discovered paradoxes, revealed the danger of accumulating errors across theories. Although,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Artem Yushkovskiy