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Mitigation measures are essential for controlling the spread of infectious diseases during pandemics and epidemics, but they impose considerable societal, individual, and economic costs. We developed a general optimization framework to…
Hepatitis A severity increases sharply with age, while Korea is experiencing a cohort shift in which low seroprevalence adult cohorts are aging into older, higher fatality age groups. This demographic and immunological transition creates an…
An objective of phase I dose-finding trials is to find the maximum tolerated dose; the dose with a particular risk of toxicity. Frequently, this risk is assessed across the first cycle of therapy. However, in oncology, a course of treatment…
We construct an epidemic model for the transmission of dengue fever with an early-life stage in the vector dynamics and age-structure within hosts. The early-life stage of the vector is modeled via a general function that supports multiple…
The model considers the human population, the adult mosquito population and the population of immature stages, which includes eggs, larvae and pupae. The model also considers the vertical transmission of dengue in the mosquitoes and the…
Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests offer to screen for multiple types of cancer with a single blood sample. Despite their promising diagnostic performance, evidence regarding their population benefit is not yet available. Expecting…
In this paper, we propose an optimal sequential procedure for the early detection of potential side effects resulting from the administration of some treatment (e.g. a vaccine, say). The results presented here extend previous results…
The mitigation of an infectious disease spreading has recently gained considerable attention from the research community. It may be obtained by adopting sanitary measurements social rules, together with an extensive vaccination campaign.…
Dengue fever is a flu-like illness spread by the bite of an infected mosquito which is fast emerging as a major health problem. Timely and cost effective diagnosis using clinical and laboratory features would reduce the mortality rates…
Software testing is an expensive and important task. Plenty of researches and industrial efforts have been invested on improving software testing techniques, including criteria, tools, etc. These studies can provide guidelines to select…
The sudden and rapid spread of the COVID_19 pandemic with its terrible consequences has put the management of governments and the various world institutions into a crisis. They have been subjected to a considerable economic effort to be…
Despite 93.1% to 95.8% of the UK adult population having been vaccinated and currently 83.5% to 89.8% of adults having received at least two doses (1), and despite many households testing twice a week with lateral flow tests (2), R at the…
Breast cancer is a common and deadly disease, but it is often curable when diagnosed early. While most countries have large-scale screening programs, there is no consensus on a single globally accepted guideline for breast cancer screening.…
Major advances in public health have resulted from disease prevention. However, prevention of a new infectious disease by vaccination or pharmaceuticals is made difficult by the slow process of vaccine and drug development. We propose an…
Dengue and Zika incidence data and the latest research have raised questions about how dengue vaccine strategies might be impacted by the emergence of Zika virus. Existing antibodies to one virus might temporarily protect or promote…
Anti-retroviral drugs can reduce the infectiousness of people living with HIV by about 96%--treatment as prevention or TasP--and can reduce the risk of being infected by an HIV positive person by about 70%--pre-exposure prophylaxis or…
Understanding how vaccines perform against different pathogen genotypes is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies, particularly for highly genetically diverse pathogens like HIV. Sieve analysis is a statistical framework…
Introduction: Lung cancer screening (LCS) increases early-stage cancer detection which may reduce cancer treatment costs. Little is known about how receipt of LCS affects healthcare costs in real-world clinical settings. Methods: This…
An insufficient supply of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in most countries demands an effective vaccination strategy to minimize the damage caused by the disease. Currently, many countries vaccinate their population in descending order of age…
Early diagnosis is important for type 2 diabetes (T2D) to improve patient prognosis, prevent complications and reduce long-term treatment costs. We present a novel risk profiling approach based exclusively on health expenditure data that is…