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The idea of the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) has recently emerged in the study of both condensed matter systems and gravitational systems. It not only plays a key role in investigating the holographic duality between a strongly…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-07-26 Jun Li , Ruihua Fan , Hengyan Wang , Bingtian Ye , Bei Zeng , Hui Zhai , Xinhua Peng , Jiangfeng Du

Out-of-time-ordered correlation functions (OTOCs) play a crucial role in the study of thermalization, entanglement, and quantum chaos, as they quantify the scrambling of quantum information due to complex interactions. As a consequence of…

Quantum dynamics is of fundamental interest and has implications in quantum information processing. The four-point out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) is traditionally used to quantify quantum information scrambling under many-body…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-06 Roy J. Garcia , You Zhou , Arthur Jaffe

This tutorial article introduces the physics of quantum information scrambling in quantum many-body systems. The goals are to understand how to precisely quantify the spreading of quantum information and how causality emerges in complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Shenglong Xu , Brian Swingle

Out-of-Time-Order Correlators (OTOCs) serve as a proxy for quantum information scrambling, which refers to the process where information stored locally disperses across the many-body degrees of freedom in a quantum system, rendering it…

The out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) is a powerful tool for probing quantum information scrambling, a fundamental process by which local information spreads irreversibly throughout a quantum many-body system. Experimentally measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Haruki Emori , Hiroyasu Tajima

We propose and analyze a protocol to study quantum information scrambling using statistical correlations between measurements, which are performed after evolving a quantum system from randomized initial states. We prove that the resulting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Benoît Vermersch , Andreas Elben , Lukas M. Sieberer , Norman Y. Yao , Peter Zoller

In recent years, the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) has emerged as a diagnostic tool for information scrambling in quantum many-body systems. Here, we present exact analytical results for the OTOC for a typical pair of random local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-22 Georgios Styliaris , Namit Anand , Paolo Zanardi

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) have received considerable recent attention as qualitative witnesses of information scrambling in many-body quantum systems. Theoretical discussions of OTOCs typically focus on closed systems, raising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-05 José Raúl González Alonso , Nicole Yunger Halpern , Justin Dressel

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) have been proposed as a tool to witness quantum information scrambling in many-body system dynamics. These correlators can be understood as averages over nonclassical multi-time quasi-probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Razieh Mohseninia , José Raúl González Alonso , Justin Dressel

Scrambling of quantum information can be conveniently quantified by so called out-of-time-order-correlators (OTOCs), whose measurements presents a formidable experimental challenge. Here we report on a method for the measurement of OTOCs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Michele Campisi , John Goold

Controllable arrays of ions and ultra-cold atoms can simulate complex many-body phenomena and may provide insights into unsolved problems in modern science. To this end, experimentally feasible protocols for quantifying the buildup of…

Information scrambling, which is the spread of local information through a system's many-body degrees of freedom, is an intrinsic feature of many-body dynamics. In quantum systems, the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) quantifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Bhuvanesh Sundar , Andreas Elben , Lata Kh Joshi , Torsten V. Zache

Out-of-time-order correlation (OTOC) functions provide a powerful theoretical tool for diagnosing chaos and the scrambling of information in strongly-interacting, quantum systems. However, their direct and unambiguous experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Beni Yoshida , Norman Y. Yao

We provide a protocol to measure out-of-time-order correlation functions. These correlation functions are of theoretical interest for diagnosing the scrambling of quantum information in black holes and strongly interacting quantum systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Brian Swingle , Gregory Bentsen , Monika Schleier-Smith , Patrick Hayden

We investigate the scrambling of information in a hierarchical star-topology system using out-of-time-ordered correlation (OTOC) functions. The system consists of a central qubit directly interacting with a set of satellite qubits, which in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-07 Deepak Khurana , V. R. Krithika , T. S. Mahesh

Motivated by the famous ink-drop experiment, where ink droplets are used to determine the chaoticity of a fluid, we propose an experimentally implementable method for measuring the scrambling capacity of quantum processes. Here, a system of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Magdalini Zonnios , Jesper Levinsen , Meera M. Parish , Felix A. Pollock , Kavan Modi

Quantum scrambling is the dispersal of local information into many-body quantum entanglements and correlations distributed throughout the entire system. This concept underlies the dynamics of thermalization in closed quantum systems, and…

Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) can be used to probe how quickly a quantum system scrambles information when the initial conditions of the dynamics are changed. In sufficiently large quantum systems, one can extract from the OTOC the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 Chenghao Zhang , Peter G. Wolynes , Martin Gruebele

Out-of-time order correlators (OTOCs) are crucial tools for studying quantum chaos as they show distinct scrambling behavior for chaotic Hamiltonians. We calculate OTOC and analyze the quantum information scrambling in atom-field and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Baibhab Bose , Devvrat Tiwari , Subhashish Banerjee
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