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We study quantum information scrambling in a random unitary circuit that exchanges qubits with an environment at a rate $p$. As a result, initially localized quantum information not only spreads within the system, but also spills into the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Zack Weinstein , Shane P. Kelly , Jamir Marino , Ehud Altman

The exponential growth of the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) has been proposed as a quantum signature of classical chaos. The growth rate is expected to coincide with the classical Lyapunov exponent. This quantum-classical…

The information scrambling phenomena in an open quantum system modeled by Ising spin chains coupled to Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) baths are observed via an interferometric method for obtaining out-of-time-ordered correlators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Baibhab Bose , Devvrat Tiwari , Subhashish Banerjee

Learning the properties of dynamical quantum systems underlies applications ranging from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantum device characterization. A central challenge in this pursuit is the learning of strongly-interacting…

Noise is ubiquitous in nature, so it is essential to characterize its effects. Considering a fluctuating Hamiltonian, we introduce an observable, the stochastic operator variance (SOV), which measures the spread of different stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Pablo Martinez-Azcona , Aritra Kundu , Adolfo del Campo , Aurelia Chenu

Interaction in quantum systems can spread initially localized quantum information into the many degrees of freedom of the entire system. Understanding this process, known as quantum scrambling, is the key to resolving various conundrums in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Xiao Mi , Pedram Roushan , Chris Quintana , Salvatore Mandra , Jeffrey Marshall , Charles Neill , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Joseph C. Bardin , Rami Barends , Andreas Bengtsson , Sergio Boixo , Alexandre Bourassa , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Zijun Chen , Benjamin Chiaro , Roberto Collins , William Courtney , Sean Demura , Alan R. Derk , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Jonathan A. Gross , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeremy Hilton , Alan Ho , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , William J. Huggins , L. B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Dvir Kafri , Julian Kelly , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Erik Lucero , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Matt McEwen , Anthony Megrant , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Josh Mutus , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Alex Opremcak , Eric Ostby , Balint Pato , Andre Petukhov , Nicholas Redd , Nicholas C. Rubin , Daniel Sank , Kevin J. Satzinger , Vladimir Shvarts , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Matthew D. Trevithick , Benjamin Villalonga , Theodore White , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Adam Zalcman , Hartmut Neven , Igor Aleiner , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Yu Chen

Investigating the influence of quantum information (QI) scrambling on quantum correlations in a physical system is an interesting problem. In this article we establish the mathematical connections among the quantifiers known as quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-10 Kapil K. Sharma , Vladimir P. Gerdt

Operator spreading has profound implications in diverse fields ranging from statistical mechanics and blackhole physics to quantum information. The usual way to quantify it is through out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), which are the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 K. J. Joven , V. M. Bastidas

Scrambling of information in a quantum many-body system, quantified by the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC), is a key manifestation of quantum chaos. A regime of exponential growth in the OTOC, characterized by a Lyapunov exponent, has…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-03-24 Anna Keselman , Laimei Nie , Erez Berg

This paper investigates the transverse Ising model on a discretization of two-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. We use classical and quantum algorithms to simulate real-time evolution and measure out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC). The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Muhammad Asaduzzaman , Simon Catterall , Yannick Meurice , Goksu Can Toga

Quantum information scrambling, typically explored in closed quantum systems, describes the spread of initially localized information throughout a system and can be quantified by measures such as the Loschmidt echo (LE) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Yi-Neng Zhou , Chang Liu

In this paper we will attempt to answer the following question: what are the natural quantum subsystems which emerge out of a system's dynamical laws? To answer this question we first define generalized tensor product structures (gTPS) in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-17 Paolo Zanardi , Emanuel Dallas , Faidon Andreadakis , Seth Lloyd

The quantum-to-classical correspondence is often quantified in dynamics by a quantity referred to as the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC). In chaotic systems, the OTOC is expected to grow exponentially at early time, characteristic of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Hui Li , Eli Halperin , Reuben R. W. Wang , John L. Bohn

Out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC) have been extensively used as a major tool for exploring quantum chaos and also recently, there has been a classical analogue. Studies have been limited to closed systems. In this work, we probe an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-11 Amit Kumar Chatterjee , Anupam Kundu , Manas Kulkarni

Quantum simulation of many-body systems, particularly using ultracold atoms and trapped ions, presents a unique form of quantum control -- it is a direct implementation of a multi-qubit gate generated by the Hamiltonian. As a consequence,…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2024-11-19 Aditya Prakash , Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana

We extend the concept of operator charge in the context of an abelian U (1) symmetry and apply this framework to symmetry-preserving matrix product operators (MPOs), enabling the description of operators projected onto specific sectors of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-08 Martina Gisti , David J. Luitz , Maxime Debertolis

The scrambling of quantum information in closed many-body systems, as measured by out-of-time-ordered correlation functions (OTOCs), has lately received considerable attention. Recently, a hydrodynamical description of OTOCs has emerged…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-12 Tibor Rakovszky , Frank Pollmann , C. W. von Keyserlingk

Quantum-information-inspired experiments in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy may yield a pathway towards determining molecular structure and properties that are otherwise challenging to learn. We measure out-of-time-ordered…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 C. Zhang , R. G. Cortiñas , A. H. Karamlou , N. Noll , J. Provazza , J. Bausch , S. Shirobokov , A. White , M. Claassen , S. H. Kang , A. W. Senior , N. Tomašev , J. Gross , K. Lee , T. Schuster , W. J. Huggins , H. Celik , A. Greene , B. Kozlovskii , F. J. H. Heras , A. Bengtsson , A. Grajales Dau , I. Drozdov , B. Ying , W. Livingstone , V. Sivak , N. Yosri , C. Quintana , D. Abanin , A. Abbas , R. Acharya , L. Aghababaie Beni , G. Aigeldinger , R. Alcaraz , S. Alcaraz , T. I. Andersen , M. Ansmann , F. Arute , K. Arya , W. Askew , N. Astrakhantsev , J. Atalaya , B. Ballard , J. C. Bardin , H. Bates , M. Bigdeli Karimi , A. Bilmes , S. Bilodeau , F. Borjans , A. Bourassa , J. Bovaird , D. Bowers , L. Brill , P. Brooks , M. Broughton , D. A. Browne , B. Buchea , B. B. Buckley , T. Burger , B. Burkett , J. Busnaina , N. Bushnell , A. Cabrera , J. Campero , H. -S. Chang , S. Chen , Z. Chen , B. Chiaro , L. -Y. Chih , A. Y. Cleland , B. Cochrane , M. Cockrell , J. Cogan , R. Collins , P. Conner , H. Cook , W. Courtney , A. L. Crook , B. Curtin , S. Das , M. Damyanov , D. M. Debroy , L. De Lorenzo , S. Demura , L. B. De Rose , A. Di Paolo , P. Donohoe , A. Dunsworth , V. Ehimhen , A. Eickbusch , A. M. Elbag , L. Ella , M. Elzouka , D. Enriquez , C. Erickson , V. S. Ferreira , M. Flores , L. Flores Burgos , E. Forati , J. Ford , A. G. Fowler , B. Foxen , M. Fukami , A. W. L. Fung , L. Fuste , S. Ganjam , G. Garcia , C. Garrick , R. Gasca , H. Gehring , R. Geiger , É. Genois , W. Giang , C. Gidney , D. Gilboa , J. E. Goeders , E. C. Gonzales , R. Gosula , S. J. de Graaf , D. Graumann , J. Grebel , J. Guerrero , J. D. Guimarães , T. Ha , S. Habegger , T. Hadick , A. Hadjikhani , M. P. Harrigan , S. D. Harrington , J. Hartshorn , S. Heslin , P. Heu , O. Higgott , R. Hiltermann , J. Hilton , H. -Y. Huang , M. Hucka , C. Hudspeth , A. Huff , E. Jeffrey , S. Jevons , Z. Jiang , X. Jin , C. Joshi , P. Juhas , A. Kabel , H. Kang , K. Kang , R. Kaufman , K. Kechedzhi , T. Khattar , M. Khezri , S. Kim , R. King , O. Kiss , P. V. Klimov , C. M. Knaut , B. Kobrin , F. Kostritsa , J. M. Kreikebaum , R. Kudo , B. Kueffler , A. Kumar , V. D. Kurilovich , V. Kutsko , N. Lacroix , D. Landhuis , T. Lange-Dei , B. W. Langley , P. Laptev , K. -M. Lau , L. Le Guevel , J. Ledford , J. Lee , B. J. Lester , W. Leung , L. Li , W. Y. Li , M. Li , A. T. Lill , M. T. Lloyd , A. Locharla , D. Lundahl , A. Lunt , S. Madhuk , A. Maiti , A. Maloney , S. Mandra , L. S. Martin , O. Martin , E. Mascot , P. Masih Das , D. Maslov , M. Mathews , C. Maxfield , J. R. McClean , M. McEwen , S. Meeks , K. C. Miao , R. Molavi , S. Molina , S. Montazeri , C. Neill , M. Newman , A. Nguyen , M. Nguyen , C. -H. Ni , M. Y. Niu , L. Oas , R. Orosco , K. Ottosson , A. Pagano , S. Peek , D. Peterson , A. Pizzuto , E. Portoles , R. Potter , O. Pritchard , M. Qian , A. Ranadive , M. J. Reagor , R. Resnick , D. M. Rhodes , D. Riley , G. Roberts , R. Rodriguez , E. Ropes , E. Rosenberg , E. Rosenfeld , D. Rosenstock , E. Rossi , D. A. Rower , M. S. Rudolph , R. Salazar , K. Sankaragomathi , M. C. Sarihan , K. J. Satzinger , M. Schaefer , S. Schroeder , H. F. Schurkus , A. Shahingohar , M. J. Shearn , A. Shorter , N. Shutty , V. Shvarts , S. Small , W. C. Smith , D. A. Sobel , R. D. Somma , B. Spells , S. Springer , G. Sterling , J. Suchard , A. Szasz , A. Sztein , M. Taylor , J. P. Thiruraman , D. Thor , D. Timucin , E. Tomita , A. Torres , M. M. Torunbalci , H. Tran , A. Vaishnav , J. Vargas , S. Vdovichev , G. Vidal , C. Vollgraff Heidweiller , M. Voorhees , S. Waltman , J. Waltz , S. X. Wang , B. Ware , J. D. Watson , Y. Wei , T. Weidel , T. White , K. Wong , B. W. K. Woo , C. J. Wood , M. Woodson , C. Xing , Z. J. Yao , P. Yeh , J. Yoo , E. Young , G. Young , A. Zalcman , R. Zhang , Y. Zhang , N. Zhu , N. Zobrist , Z. Zou , G. Bortoli , S. Boixo , J. Chen , Y. Chen , M. Devoret , M. Hansen , C. Jones , J. Kelly , P. Kohli , A. Korotkov , E. Lucero , J. Manyika , Y. Matias , A. Megrant , H. Neven , W. D. Oliver , G. Ramachandran , R. Babbush , V. Smelyanskiy , P. Roushan , D. Kafri , R. Sarpong , D. W. Berry , C. Ramanathan , X. Mi , C. Bengs , A. Ajoy , Z. K. Minev , N. C. Rubin , T. E. O'Brien

A time-reversed dynamics unwinds information scrambling, which is induced during the time-forward evolution with a complex Hamiltonian. We show that if the scrambled information is, in addition, partially damaged by a local measurement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-27 Bin Yan , Nikolai A. Sinitsyn

Out-of-time-ordered correlation (OTOC) functions have been used as an indicator of quantum chaos in a lot of physical systems. In this work, we computationally demonstrate that zerotemperature OTOC can detect quantum phase transition in…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2021-11-17 Jihan Hu , Shaolong Wan
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