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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate physical and embedded systems with information and communication technology systems, monitoring and controlling physical processes with minimal human intervention. The connection to information and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Asila AlHarmali , Saqib Ali , Waqas Aman , Omar Hussain

In cybersecurity, attackers range from brash, unsophisticated script kiddies and cybercriminals to stealthy, patient advanced persistent threats. When modeling these attackers, we can observe that they demonstrate different risk-seeking and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Erick Galinkin , John Carter , Spiros Mancoridis

Due to the complex nature of mobile communication systems, most of the security efforts in its domain are isolated and scattered across underlying technologies. This has resulted in an obscure view of the overall security. In this work, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Siddharth Prakash Rao , Silke Holtmanns , Tuomas Aura

Foundation models are increasingly becoming better autonomous programmers, raising the prospect that they could also automate dangerous offensive cyber-operations. Current frontier model audits probe the cybersecurity risks of such agents,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Boyi Wei , Benedikt Stroebl , Jiacen Xu , Joie Zhang , Zhou Li , Peter Henderson

Characterizing attacker behavior with respect to Cyber-Physical Systems is important to assuring the security posture and resilience of these systems. Classical cyber vulnerability assessment approaches rely on the knowledge and experience…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Christopher Deloglos , Carl Elks , Ashraf Tantawy

Machine learning techniques are currently used extensively for automating various cybersecurity tasks. Most of these techniques utilize supervised learning algorithms that rely on training the algorithm to classify incoming data into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Prithviraj Dasgupta , Joseph B. Collins

The complex and evolving threat landscape of frontier AI development requires a multi-layered approach to risk management ("defense-in-depth"). By reviewing cybersecurity and AI frameworks, we outline three approaches that can help identify…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Shaun Ee , Joe O'Brien , Zoe Williams , Amanda El-Dakhakhni , Michael Aird , Alex Lintz

As frontier AI models become more capable, evaluating their potential to enable cyberattacks is crucial for ensuring the safe development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Current cyber evaluation efforts are often ad-hoc, lacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Mikel Rodriguez , Raluca Ada Popa , Four Flynn , Lihao Liang , Allan Dafoe , Anna Wang

Adversarial attacks for machine learning models have become a highly studied topic both in academia and industry. These attacks, along with traditional security threats, can compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Jakub Breier , Adrian Baldwin , Helen Balinsky , Yang Liu

The ever increasing number of cyber attacks requires the cyber security and forensic specialists to detect, analyze and defend against the cyber threats in almost realtime. In practice, timely dealing with such a large number of attacks is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Mauro Conti , Ali Dehghantanha , Tooska Dargahi

In recent years machine learning algorithms, and more specifically deep learning algorithms, have been widely used in many fields, including cyber security. However, machine learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, and this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Ihai Rosenberg , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici , Lior Rokach

A formal cyber reasoning framework for automating the threat hunting process is described. The new cyber reasoning methodology introduces an operational semantics that operates over three subspaces -- knowledge, hypothesis, and action -- to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Frederico Araujo , Dhilung Kirat , Xiaokui Shu , Teryl Taylor , Jiyong Jang

Nowadays, cyber threats are considered among the most dangerous risks by top management of enterprises. One way to deal with these risks is to insure them, but cyber insurance is still quite expensive. The insurance fee can be reduced if…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ganbayar Uuganbayar , Artsiom Yautsiukhin , Fabio Martinelli , Fabio Massacci

Our decision-making processes are becoming more data driven, based on data from multiple sources, of different types, processed by a variety of technologies. As technology becomes more relevant for decision processes, the more likely they…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Tomasz Ostwald

When undertaking cyber security risk assessments, we must assign numeric values to metrics to compute the final expected loss that represents the risk that an organization is exposed to due to cyber threats. Even if risk assessment is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Andrew Fielder , Sandra Konig , Emmanouil Panaousis , Stefan Schauer , Stefan Rass

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse sectors has marked a transformative era, showcasing remarkable capabilities in text generation and problem-solving tasks. However, this technological advancement is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Rahul Pankajakshan , Sumitra Biswal , Yuvaraj Govindarajulu , Gilad Gressel

Identifying, analyzing, and evaluating cybersecurity risks are essential to assess the vulnerabilities of modern manufacturing infrastructures and to devise effective decision-making strategies to secure critical manufacturing against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Md Habibor Rahman , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Young-Jun Son , Mohammed Shafae

This article considers a short survey of basic methods of social networks analysis, which are used for detecting cyber threats. The main types of social network threats are presented. Basic methods of graph theory and data mining, that…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Lyudmyla Kirichenko , Tamara Radivilova , Anders Carlsson

Adversarial risk analysis (ARA) is a relatively new area of research that informs decision-making when facing intelligent opponents and uncertain outcomes. It enables an analyst to express her Bayesian beliefs about an opponent's utilities,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-07 David Banks , Víctor Gallego , Roi Naveiro , David Ríos Insua

Pricing insurance for risks associated with information technology systems presents a complex modelling challenge, combining the disciplines of operations management, security, and economics. This work proposes a socioeconomic modelling…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-05 Henry Skeoch , David Pym