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Insider threats entail major security issues in geopolitics, cyber risk management and business organization. The game theoretic models proposed so far do not take into account some important factors such as the organisational culture and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Chaitanya Joshi , David Rios Insua , Jesus Rios

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrating increasing prowess in cybersecurity applications, creating creating inherent risks alongside their potential for strengthening defenses. In this position paper, we argue that current efforts to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Kamilė Lukošiūtė , Adam Swanda

Cyber security threats to the payment and banking system have become a worldwide menace. The phenomenon has forced financial institutions to take risks as part of their business model. Hence, deliberate investment in sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Williams Haruna , Toyin Ajiboro Aremu , Yetunde Ajao Modupe

Cyber insurance, which protects insured organizations against financial losses from cyberattacks and data breaches, can be difficult and expensive to obtain for many organizations. These difficulties stem from insurers difficulty in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Danielle Jean Hanson , Jeremy Straub

Oil and gas drilling is based, increasingly, on operational technology, whose cybersecurity is complicated by several challenges. We propose a graphical model for cybersecurity risk assessment based on Adversarial Risk Analysis to face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-09 Aitor Couce Vieira , Siv Hilde Houmb , David Rios Insua

Owing to recorded incidents of Information technology inclined organisations failing to respond effectively to threat incidents, this project outlines the benefits of conducting a comprehensive risk assessment which would aid proficiency in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Samuel Cris Ayo , Bonaventure Ngala , Olasunkanmi Amzat , Robin Lal Khoshi , Samarappulige Isuru Madusanka

The widespread adoption of machine learning (ML) systems increased attention to their security and emergence of adversarial machine learning (AML) techniques that exploit fundamental vulnerabilities in ML systems, creating an urgent need…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Avishag Shapira , Simon Shigol , Asaf Shabtai

Detection of malicious activities in corporate environments is a very complex task and much effort has been invested into research of its automation. However, vast majority of existing methods operate only in a narrow scope which limits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Jan Kohout , Čeněk Škarda , Kyrylo Shcherbin , Martin Kopp , Jan Brabec

Cyber assurance, which is the ability to operate under the onslaught of cyber attacks and other unexpected events, is essential for organizations facing inundating security threats on a daily basis. Organizations usually employ multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Nan Sun , Chang-Tsun Li , Hin Chan , Md Zahidul Islam , Md Rafiqul Islam , Warren Armstrong

As the number and complexity of malware attacks continue to increase, there is an urgent need for effective malware detection systems. While deep learning models are effective at detecting malware, they are vulnerable to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mahesh Datta Sai Ponnuru , Likhitha Amasala , Tanu Sree Bhimavarapu , Guna Chaitanya Garikipati

Cyber insurance is a complementary mechanism to further reduce the financial impact on the systems after their effort in defending against cyber attacks and implementing resilience mechanism to maintain the system-level operator even though…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Shutian Liu , Quanyan Zhu

This paper provides an efficient computational scheme to handle general security games from an adversarial risk analysis perspective. Two cases in relation to single-stage and multi-stage simultaneous defend-attack games motivate our…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jose Manuel Camacho , Roi Naveiro , David Rios Insua

This paper investigates recently proposed approaches for defending against adversarial examples and evaluating adversarial robustness. We motivate 'adversarial risk' as an objective for achieving models robust to worst-case inputs. We then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Jonathan Uesato , Brendan O'Donoghue , Aaron van den Oord , Pushmeet Kohli

In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, organisations face escalating cyber threats that can disrupt operations, compromise sensitive data, and inflict financial and reputational harm. A key reason for this lies in the organisations'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Lasini Liyanage , Nalin Arachchilage , Giovanni Russello

We introduce a risk assessment framework for digital identification systems, as well as recommended best practices to enhance privacy, security, and other desirable properties in these systems. To generate these resources, we created a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Allison Woodruff , Dirk Balfanz , Will Drewry , Mariana Raykova

A major cyber security incident can represent a cyber crisis for an organisation, in particular because of the associated risk of substantial reputational damage. As the likelihood of falling victim to a cyberattack has increased over time,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Richard Knight , Jason R. C. Nurse

Quantifying cyber risks is essential for organizations to grasp their vulnerability to threats and make informed decisions. However, current approaches still need to work on blending economic viewpoints to provide insightful analysis. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Muriel Figueredo Franco , Aiatur Rahaman Mullick , Santosh Jha

Cyberspace is full of uncertainty in terms of advanced and sophisticated cyber threats which are equipped with novel approaches to learn the system and propagate themselves, such as AI-powered threats. To debilitate these types of threats,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Hooman Alavizadeh , Julian Jang-Jaccard , Simon Yusuf Enoch , Harith Al-Sahaf , Ian Welch , Seyit A. Camtepe , Dong Seong Kim

Cybersecurity software tool evaluation is difficult due to the inherently adversarial nature of the field. A penetration testing (or offensive) tool must be tested against a viable defensive adversary and a defensive tool must, similarly,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jeremy Straub

Context: To effectively defend against ever-evolving cybersecurity threats, software systems should be made as secure as possible. To achieve this, software developers should understand potential vulnerabilities and apply secure coding…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Alina Torbunova , Adnan Ashraf , Ivan Porres