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We consider how the energy cost of bit reset scales with the time duration of the protocol. Bit reset necessarily takes place in finite time, where there is an extra penalty on top of the quasistatic work cost derived by Landauer. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-23 Yi-Zheng Zhen , Dario Egloff , Kavan Modi , Oscar Dahlsten

We study the thermodynamic cost associated with the erasure of one bit of information over a finite amount of time. We present a general framework for minimizing the average work required when full control of a system's microstates is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-09 Karel Proesmans , Jannik Ehrich , John Bechhoefer

How much work does it cost for a propelled particle to stay localised near a stationary target, defying both thermal noise and a constant flow that would carry it away? We study the control of such a particle in finite time and find optimal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-16 Till Welker , Patrick Pietzonka

Landauer's principle makes a strong connection between information theory and thermodynamics by stating that erasing a one-bit memory at temperature $T_0$ requires an average energy larger than $W_{LB}=k_BT_0 \ln2$, with $k_B$ Boltzmann's…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-12 Salambô Dago , Sergio Ciliberto , Ludovic Bellon

Motivated by the need for precise, energy-efficient, and experimentally realistic quantum control protocols, we investigate the thermodynamic cost of performing quantum step-equilibration processes under the influence of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Theodore McKeever , Harry J. D. Miller , Ahsan Nazir

We consider a general discrete state-space system with both unidirectional and bidirectional links. In contrast to bidirectional links, there is no reverse transition along the unidirectional links. Herein, we first compute the statistical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-01-04 Deepak Gupta , Daniel M. Busiello

Thermodynamic speed limits are a set of classical uncertainty relations that, so far, place global bounds on the stochastic dissipation of energy as heat and the production of entropy. Here, instead of constraints on these thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-13 Erez Aghion , Jason R. Green

Landauer's bound is the minimum thermodynamic cost for erasing one bit of information. As this bound is achievable only for quasistatic processes, finite-time operation incurs additional energetic costs. We find a tight finite-time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-05 Jae Sung Lee , Sangyun Lee , Hyukjoon Kwon , Hyunggyu Park

We study thermodynamic processes in contact with a heat bath that may have an arbitrary time-varying periodic temperature profile. Within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, and for models of thermo-dynamic engines in the idealized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-06 Olga Movilla Miangolarra , Rui Fu , Amirhossein Taghvaei , Yongxin Chen , Tryphon T. Georgiou

Using a thermodynamically consistent, mesoscopic model for modern complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors, we study an array of logical circuits and explore how their function is constrained by recent thermodynamic uncertainty…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-28 Phillip Helms , Songela W. Chen , David T. Limmer

In this paper we study computationally feasible bounds for relative free energies between two many-particle systems. Specifically, we consider systems out of equilibrium that do not necessarily satisfy a fluctuation-dissipation relation,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-03-19 Luigi Delle Site , Carsten Hartmann

Obtaining adiabatic processes that connect equilibrium states in a given time represents a challenge for mesoscopic systems. In this paper, we explicitly show how to build these finite-time adiabatic processes for an overdamped Brownian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-04-01 C. A. Plata , D. Guéry-Odelin , E. Trizac , A. Prados

Power loss in the electronic system is a very crucial limiting factor that can be reduced or minimized with the help of using the reversible logics "a concept came from Thermodynamics". In this paper the authors shows the concept of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-05-29 Pradeep Singla , Satyan

In the absence of external driving, a system exposed to thermal fluctuations will relax to equilibrium. However, the constant input of work makes it possible to counteract this relaxation, and maintain the system in a nonequilibrium steady…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-04 Jordan M. Horowitz , Kevin Zhou , Jeremy L. England

Motivated by the design question of additional fuel needed to complete a task in an uncertain environment, this paper introduces metrics to quantify the maximal additional energy used by a control system in the presence of bounded…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Ram Padmanabhan , Craig Bakker , Siddharth Abhijit Dinkar , Melkior Ornik

Many biological functions require the dynamics to be necessarily driven out-of-equilibrium. In contrast, in various contexts, a nonequilibrium dynamics at fast timescales can be described by an effective equilibrium dynamics at a slower…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-18 Amit Singh Vishen

Active systems evade the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics by constantly dissipating energy at the level of their microscopic components. This energy flux stems from the conversion of a fuel, present in the environment, into sustained…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-15 Étienne Fodor , Robert L. Jack , Michael E. Cates

For systems in an externally controllable time-dependent potential, the optimal protocol minimizes the mean work spent in a finite-time transition between two given equilibrium states. For overdamped dynamics which ignores inertia effects,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-07-23 Alex Gomez-Marin , Tim Schmiedl , Udo Seifert

We investigate bounds on speed, non-adiabatic entropy production and trade-off relation between them for classical stochastic processes with time-independent transition rates. Our results show that the time required to evolve from an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-10 Jie Gu

Framing computation as the transformation of metastable memories, we explore its fundamental thermodynamic limits. The true power of information follows from a novel decomposition of nonequilibrium free energy derived here, which provides a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-08-13 Paul M. Riechers