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Reward Models (RMs) are crucial for online alignment of language models (LMs) with human preferences. However, RM-based preference-tuning is vulnerable to reward hacking, whereby LM policies learn undesirable behaviors from flawed RMs. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Daniel Fein , Max Lamparth , Violet Xiang , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Nick Haber

Uncertain information on input parameters of reliability models is usually modeled by considering these parameters as random, and described by marginal distributions and a dependence structure of these variables. In numerous real-world…

Applications · Statistics 2018-04-30 Nazih Benoumechiara , Bertrand Michel , Philippe Saint-Pierre , Nicolas Bousquet

This paper proposes different methods to consistently detect multiple breaks in copula-based dependence measures, mainly focusing on Spearman's $\rho$. The leading model is a factor copula model due to its usefulness for analyzing data in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-13 Marvin Borsch , Alexander Mayer , Dominik Wied

We present in this paper a new premium computation principle based on the use of prior information from multiple sources for computing the premium charged to a policyholder. Under this framework, based on the use of Ordered Weighted…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-10 Víctor Blanco , José M. Pérez-Sánchez

There are growing concerns for reserves estimation of incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims in actuarial sciences. In this paper, we propose a copula-based dependency model to capture the relationship between two main IBNR reserve…

Pricing actuaries typically operate within the framework of generalized linear models (GLMs). With the upswing of data analytics, our study puts focus on machine learning methods to develop full tariff plans built from both the frequency…

Applications · Statistics 2020-03-04 Roel Henckaerts , Marie-Pier Côté , Katrien Antonio , Roel Verbelen

We present a joint copula-based model for insurance claims and sizes. It uses bivariate copulae to accommodate for the dependence between these quantities. We derive the general distribution of the policy loss without the restrictive…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-09-25 Nicole Kraemer , Eike C. Brechmann , Daniel Silvestrini , Claudia Czado

We study copula-based collective risk models when the dependence structure is defined by a Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) copula. By leveraging a one-to-one correspondence between the class of FGM copulas and multivariate symmetric…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-04 Christopher Blier-Wong , Hélène Cossette , Etienne Marceau

SEMMS (Scalable Empirical-Bayes Model for Marker Selection) is a variable-selection procedure for generalized linear models that uses a three-component normal mixture prior on regression coefficients. In its original form, SEMMS assumes…

Computation · Statistics 2026-03-18 Haim Bar , Martin T. Wells

This paper is concerned with cost optimization of an insurance company. The surplus of the insurance company is modeled by a controlled regime switching diffusion, where the regime switching mechanism provides the fluctuations of the random…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-02 Chao Zhu

This article introduces a k-Inflated Negative Binomial mixture distribution/regression model as a more flexible alternative to zero-inflated Poisson distribution/regression model. An EM algorithm has been employed to estimate the model's…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-01-20 Amir T. Payandeh Najafabadi , Saeed MohammadPour

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in modern real-time applications integrate numerous control units linked through communication networks, each responsible for executing a mix of real-time safety-critical and non-critical tasks. To ensure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Arkaprava Sain , Sunandan Adhikary , Ipsita Koley , Soumyajit Dey

To make informed health policy decisions regarding a treatment, we must consider both its cost and its clinical effectiveness. In past work, we introduced the net benefit separation (NBS) as a novel measure of cost-effectiveness. The NBS is…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-27 Nicholas Illenberger , Nandita Mitra , Andrew J. Spieker

This paper proposes a new family of Tweedie-based ratemaking models that explicitly account for mid-term policy cancellations. Using an automobile insurance dataset from a Canadian insurer, we document a marked difference in claims…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-06 Jean-Philippe Boucher , Raïssa Coulibaly , Julien Trufin

It is illustrated a methodology to compute the pure premium for the automobile insurance (claim frequency and severity) using generalized linear models. It is obtained the pure premium for the partial damage loss cover (PPD) using a set of…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-07-13 William Guevara-Alarcón , Luz Mery González , Armando Antonio Zarruk

Extreme weather poses a large risk to critical energy systems (Ekisheva, Rieder, Norris, Lauby, & Dobson 2021; Levin, Botterud, Mann, Kwon, & Zhou 2022). Uncertainty quantification of negative impacts is important for developing resilience,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-11 Mitchell L. Krock , W. Neal Mann , Zhi Zhou

Nowadays insurers have to account for potentially complex dependence between risks. In the field of loss reserving, there are many parametric and non-parametric models attempting to capture dependence between business lines. One common…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-22 Andrew Fleck , Edward Furman , Yang Shen

Because multimodal data contains more modal information, multimodal sentiment analysis has become a recent research hotspot. However, redundant information is easily involved in feature fusion after feature extraction, which has a certain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Huiru Wang , Xiuhong Li , Zenyu Ren , Dan Yang , chunming Ma

In the current insurance literature, prediction of insurance claims in the regression problem is often performed with a statistical model. This model-based approach may potentially suffer from several drawbacks: (i) model misspecification,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Liang Hong

Experience rating in insurance uses a Bayesian credibility model to upgrade the current premiums of a contract by taking into account policyholders' attributes and their claim history. Most data-driven models used for this task are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-13 Sebastian Calcetero-Vanegas , Andrei L. Badescu , X. Sheldon Lin