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Related papers: On Robustness of Individualized Decision Rules

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An individualized treatment regime (ITR) is a decision rule that assigns treatments based on patients' characteristics. The value function of an ITR is the expected outcome in a counterfactual world had this ITR been implemented. Recently,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-16 Pan Zhao , Julie Josse , Shu Yang

Personalized optimal decision making, finding the optimal decision rule (ODR) based on individual characteristics, has attracted increasing attention recently in many fields, such as education, economics, and medicine. Current ODR methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-22 Hengrui Cai , Rui Song , Wenbin Lu

Isotonic distributional regression (IDR) is a powerful nonparametric technique for the estimation of conditional distributions under order restrictions. In a nutshell, IDR learns conditional distributions that are calibrated, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-29 Alexander Henzi , Johanna F. Ziegel , Tilmann Gneiting

Training machine learning and statistical models often involves optimizing a data-driven risk criterion. The risk is usually computed with respect to the empirical data distribution, but this may result in poor and unstable out-of-sample…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-11 Nicola Bariletto , Nhat Ho

Multistate process data are common in studies of chronic diseases such as cancer. These data are ideal for precision medicine purposes as they can be leveraged to improve more refined health outcomes, compared to standard survival outcomes,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-28 Giorgos Bakoyannis

One primary goal of precision medicine is to estimate the individualized treatment rules (ITRs) that optimize patients' health outcomes based on individual characteristics. Health studies with multiple treatments are commonly seen in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-07 Xuqiao Li , Qiuyan Zhou , Ying Wu , Ying Yan

Estimating dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) from retrospective observational data is challenging as some degree of unmeasured confounding is often expected. In this work, we develop a framework of estimating properly defined "optimal" DTRs…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-19 Shuxiao Chen , Bo Zhang

We propose and analyze algorithms for distributionally robust optimization of convex losses with conditional value at risk (CVaR) and $\chi^2$ divergence uncertainty sets. We prove that our algorithms require a number of gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-14 Daniel Levy , Yair Carmon , John C. Duchi , Aaron Sidford

Robust optimization safeguards decisions against uncertainty by optimizing against worst-case scenarios, yet their effectiveness hinges on a prespecified robustness level that is often chosen ad hoc, leading to either insufficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Wenbin Zhou , Shixiang Zhu

An individualized treatment rule (ITR) tailors treatments to a patient's specific characteristics. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often underpowered to detect the treatment effect heterogeneity needed for reliable ITR…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Yuan Bian , Donglin Zeng , Hyun-Joon Yang , Leanne M. Williams , Yuanjia Wang

This paper studies the optimization of Markov decision processes (MDPs) from a risk-seeking perspective, where the risk is measured by conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). The objective is to find a policy that maximizes the long-run CVaR of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-05 Li Xia , Zhihui Yu , Peter W. Glynn

Opportunistic detection rules (ODRs) are variants of fixed-sample-size detection rules in which the statistician is allowed to make an early decision on the alternative hypothesis opportunistically based on the sequentially observed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-15 Wenyi Zhang , George V. Moustakides , H. Vincent Poor

In many clinical trials, individuals in different subgroups have experience differential treatment effects. This leads to individualized differences in treatment benefit. In this article, we introduce the general concept of predictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-11 Debashis Ghosh , Youngjoo Cho

Public policies and medical interventions often involve dynamic treatment assignments, in which individuals receive a sequence of interventions over multiple stages. We study the statistical learning of optimal dynamic treatment regimes…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-21 Shosei Sakaguchi

Precision medicine leverages patient heterogeneity to estimate individualized treatment regimens, formalized, data-driven approaches designed to match patients with optimal treatments. In the presence of competing events, where multiple…

Because many illnesses show heterogeneous response to treatment, there is increasing interest in individualizing treatment to patients [Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 66 (2009) 128--133]. An individualized treatment rule is a decision rule that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-18 Min Qian , Susan A. Murphy

In clinical practice, there is significant interest in integrating novel biomarkers with existing clinical data to construct interpretable and robust decision rules. Motivated by the need to improve decision-making for early disease…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Albert Osom , Camden Lopez , Ashley Alexander , Suresh Chari , Ziding Feng , Ying-Qi Zhao

Recent advances in dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) facilitate the search for optimal treatments, which are tailored to individuals' specific needs and able to maximize their expected clinical benefits. However, existing algorithms relying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-18 Hanwen Ye , Wenzhuo Zhou , Ruoqing Zhu , Annie Qu

We consider estimation of an optimal individualized treatment rule from observational and randomized studies when a high-dimensional vector of baseline variables is available. Our optimality criterion is with respect to delaying expected…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-09 Iván Díaz , Oleksandr Savenkov , Karla Ballman

We develop and analyze algorithms for distributionally robust optimization (DRO) of convex losses. In particular, we consider group-structured and bounded $f$-divergence uncertainty sets. Our approach relies on an accelerated method that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-25 Yair Carmon , Danielle Hausler