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While many-shot ICL achieves remarkable performance, prior studies of its scaling behavior have mainly focused on non-reasoning tasks. In this work, we study many-shot ICL on reasoning tasks, with a particular focus on many-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tsz Ting Chung , Lemao Liu , Mo Yu , Dit-Yan Yeung

Understanding learners' understanding is a key requirement for an efficient design of teaching situations and learning environments, be they digital or not. This keynote outlines the modeling framework cK\cent (conception, knowing, concept)…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-08-27 Nicolas Balacheff

This paper analyzes a steady state matching model interrelating the education and labor sectors. In this model, a heterogeneous population of students match with teachers to enhance their cognitive skills. As adults, they then choose to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Alice Erlinger , Robert J. McCann , Xianwen Shi , Aloysius Siow , Ronald Wolthoff

Balancing sensitivity to new tasks and stability for retaining past knowledge is crucial in continual learning (CL). Recently, sharpness-aware minimization has proven effective in transfer learning and has also been adopted in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Wei Li , Hangjie Yuan , Zixiang Zhao , Yifan Zhu , Aojun Lu , Tao Feng , Yanan Sun

Attempts from different disciplines to provide a fundamental understanding of deep learning have advanced rapidly in recent years, yet a unified framework remains relatively limited. In this article, we provide one possible way to align…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Guan-Horng Liu , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Cognitive diagnosis (CD) models latent cognitive states of human learners by analyzing their response patterns on diagnostic tests, serving as a crucial machine learning technique for educational assessment and evaluation. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jiatong Li , Qi Liu , Mengxiao Zhu

We investigate how to couple a learnable brain-like'' controller to a cell-like'' Gray--Scott substrate to steer pattern formation with minimal effort. A compact convolutional policy is embedded in a differentiable PyTorch…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Takehiro Ishikawa

The paper proposes a family of communication efficient methods for distributed learning in heterogeneous environments in which users obtain data from one of $K$ different distributions. In the proposed setup, the grouping of users (based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Aleksandar Armacki , Dragana Bajovic , Dusan Jakovetic , Soummya Kar

The past few years have seen several works on learning economic solutions from data; these include optimal auction design, function optimization, stable payoffs in cooperative games and more. In this work, we provide a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tushant Jha , Yair Zick

In Online Learning to Rank (OLTR) the aim is to find an optimal ranking model by interacting with users. When learning from user behavior, systems must interact with users while simultaneously learning from those interactions. Unlike other…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Diffusion models achieve strong performance in generative modeling, but their success often relies heavily on classifier-free guidance (CFG), an inference-time heuristic that modifies the sampling trajectory. In theory, diffusion models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Xiang Li , Yixuan Jia , Xiao Li , Jeffrey A. Fessler , Rongrong Wang , Qing Qu

Continual Learning (CL) involves training a machine learning model in a sequential manner to learn new information while retaining previously learned tasks without the presence of previous training data. Although there has been significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Anurag Roy , Vinay Kumar Verma , Sravan Voonna , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Saptarshi Ghosh , Abir Das

Despite the success of contrastive learning (CL) in vision and language, its theoretical foundations and mechanisms for building representations remain poorly understood. In this work, we build connections between noise contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zihao Chen , Chi-Heng Lin , Ran Liu , Jingyun Xiao , Eva L Dyer

Zero-shot Learning (ZSL) aims to enable image classifiers to recognize images from unseen classes that were not included during training. Unlike traditional supervised classification, ZSL typically relies on learning a mapping from visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhiyuan Peng , Zihan Ye , Shreyank N Gowda , Yuping Yan , Haotian Xu , Ling Shao

We study consistency of learning algorithms for a multi-class performance metric that is a non-decomposable function of the confusion matrix of a classifier and cannot be expressed as a sum of losses on individual data points; examples of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-01-05 Harish G. Ramaswamy , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Shivani Agarwal

Metric learning seeks perceptual embeddings where visually similar instances are close and dissimilar instances are apart, but learned representations can be sub-optimal when the distribution of intra-class samples is diverse and distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Elad Levi , Tete Xiao , Xiaolong Wang , Trevor Darrell

Convex Q-learning is a recent approach to reinforcement learning, motivated by the possibility of a firmer theory for convergence, and the possibility of making use of greater a priori knowledge regarding policy or value function structure.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Fan Lu , Joel Mathias , Sean Meyn , Karanjit Kalsi

It is usual to consider data protection and learnability as conflicting objectives. This is not always the case: we show how to jointly control inference --- seen as the attack --- and learnability by a noise-free process that mixes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Richard Nock , Giorgio Patrini , Finnian Lattimore , Tiberio Caetano

The Mean-Teacher (MT) scheme is widely adopted in semi-supervised object detection (SSOD). In MT, the sparse pseudo labels, offered by the final predictions of the teacher (e.g., after Non Maximum Suppression (NMS) post-processing), are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Gang Li , Xiang Li , Yujie Wang , Yichao Wu , Ding Liang , Shanshan Zhang

In data-driven modelling of complex dynamic processes, it is often desirable to combine different classes of models to enhance performance. Examples include coupled models of different fidelities, or hybrid models based on physical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Shiqi Wu , Ludovic Chamoin , Qianxiao Li