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The predominant paradigm in evolutionary game theory and more generally online learning in games is based on a clear distinction between a population of dynamic agents that interact given a fixed, static game. In this paper, we move away…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Stratis Skoulakis , Tanner Fiez , Ryann Sim , Georgios Piliouras , Lillian Ratliff

Multi-agent games in dynamic nonlinear settings are challenging due to the time-varying interactions among the agents and the non-stationarity of the (potential) Nash equilibria. In this paper we consider model-free games, where agent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Eduardo Sebastián , Maitrayee Keskar , Eeman Iqbal , Eduardo Montijano , Carlos Sagüés , Nikolay Atanasov

A discrete time stochastic model for a multiagent system given in terms of a large collection of interacting Markov chains is studied. The evolution of the interacting particles is described through a time inhomogeneous transition…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-06-17 Amarjit Budhiraja , Pierre Del Moral , Sylvain Rubenthaler

This paper addresses the problem of learning an equilibrium efficiently in general-sum Markov games through decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning. Given the fundamental difficulty of calculating a Nash equilibrium (NE), we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weichao Mao , Tamer Başar

The goal of agents in multi-agent environments is to maximize total reward against the opposing agents that are encountered. Following a game-theoretic solution concept, such as Nash equilibrium, may obtain a strong performance in some…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Sam Ganzfried

We study risk-sensitive multi-agent reinforcement learning under general-sum Markov games, where agents optimize the entropic risk measure of rewards with possibly diverse risk preferences. We show that using the regret naively adapted from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yingjie Fei , Ruitu Xu

Simulation of population dynamics is a central research theme in computational biology, which contributes to understanding the interactions between predators and preys. Conventional mathematical tools of this theme, however, are incapable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Jun Yamada , John Shawe-Taylor , Zafeirios Fountas

Game theory provides a general mathematical background to study the effect of pair interactions and evolutionary rules on the macroscopic behavior of multi-player games where players with a finite number of strategies may represent a wide…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-04-20 Gyorgy Szabo , Istvan Borsos

In this work, we propose a multi-agent actor-critic reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to accelerate the multi-level Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) sampling algorithms. The policies (actors) of the agents are used to generate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Eric Chung , Yalchin Efendiev , Wing Tat Leung , Sai-Mang Pun , Zecheng Zhang

We examine the long-run behavior of multi-agent online learning in games that evolve over time. Specifically, we focus on a wide class of policies based on mirror descent, and we show that the induced sequence of play (a) converges to Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Benoit Duvocelle , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Mathias Staudigl , Dries Vermeulen

We consider discrete-time stationary mean field games (MFG) with unknown dynamics and design algorithms for finding the equilibrium with finite-time complexity guarantees. Prior solutions to the problem assume either the contraction of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Sihan Zeng , Sujay Bhatt , Alec Koppel , Sumitra Ganesh

In the study of reactive systems, qualitative properties are usually easier to model and analyze than quantitative properties. This is especially true in systems where mutually beneficial cooperation between agents is possible, such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Senthil Rajasekaran , Suguman Bansal , Moshe Y. Vardi

Multi-agent robust reinforcement learning, also known as multi-player robust Markov games (RMGs), is a crucial framework for modeling competitive interactions under environmental uncertainties, with wide applications in multi-agent systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yuchen Jiao , Gen Li

We study a multi-agent decision problem in population games, where agents select from multiple available strategies and continually revise their selections based on the payoffs associated with these strategies. Unlike conventional…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shinkyu Park

We introduce an Implicit Game-Theoretic MPC (IGT-MPC), a decentralized algorithm for two-agent motion planning that uses a learned value function that predicts the game-theoretic interaction outcomes as the terminal cost-to-go function in a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Hansung Kim , Edward L. Zhu , Chang Seok Lim , Francesco Borrelli

Multi-agent frameworks can substantially boost the reasoning power of large language models (LLMs), but they typically incur heavy computational costs and lack convergence guarantees. To overcome these challenges, we recast multi-LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Xie Yi , Zhanke Zhou , Chentao Cao , Qiyu Niu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

In many stochastic games stemming from financial models, the environment evolves with latent factors and there may be common noise across agents' states. Two classic examples are: (i) multi-agent trading on electronic exchanges, and (ii)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Dena Firoozi , Peter E. Caines , Sebastian Jaimungal

We use system-theoretic passivity methods to study evolutionary Nash equilibria learning in large populations of agents engaged in strategic, non-cooperative interactions. The agents follow learning rules (rules for short) that capture…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Nuno C. Martins , Jair Certório , Matthew S. Hankins

We contribute the first provable guarantees of global convergence to Nash equilibria (NE) in two-player zero-sum convex Markov games (cMGs) by using independent policy gradient methods. Convex Markov games, recently defined by Gemp et al.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Fivos Kalogiannis , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Ian Gemp , Georgios Piliouras

Game theoretic methods have become popular for planning and prediction in situations involving rich multi-agent interactions. However, these methods often assume the existence of a single local Nash equilibria and are hence unable to handle…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Oswin So , Paul Drews , Thomas Balch , Velin Dimitrov , Guy Rosman , Evangelos A. Theodorou