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The structure and evolution of aggregate grains formed within a plasma environment are dependent upon the charge acquired by the micron-sized dust grains during the coagulation process. The manner in which the charge is arranged on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lorin S. Matthews , Truell W. Hyde

Collisions of mm-size dust aggregates play a crucial role in the early phases of planet formation. We developed a laboratory setup to observe collisions of dust aggregates levitating at mbar pressures and elevated temperatures of 800 K. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-07-06 Tim Jankowski , Gerhard Wurm , Thorben Kelling , Jens Teiser , Walter Sabolo , Pedro J. Gutiérrez , Ivano Bertini

After 25 years of laboratory research on protoplanetary dust agglomeration, a consistent picture of the various processes that involve colliding dust aggregates has emerged. Besides sticking, bouncing and fragmentation, other effects, like,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-21 Jürgen Blum

More and more observations indicate that young star clusters could retain imprints of their formation process. In particular, the degree of substructuring and rotation are possibly the direct result of the collapse of the parent molecular…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-06-17 Alessandro Ballone , Michela Mapelli , Ugo N. Di Carlo , Stefano Torniamenti , Mario Spera , Sara Rastello

This review focuses on numerical approaches to deducing the light-scattering and thermal-emission properties of primitive dust particles in planetary systems from astronomical observations. The particles are agglomerates of small grains…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-14 Hiroshi Kimura , Ludmilla Kolokolova , Aigen Li , Jérémy Lebreton

Imaging polarimetry enables the spatially resolved investigation of cometary dust properties across different morphological structures. While cometary comae have been studied thoroughly in the pertinent literature, cometary tails have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 Mirza Arnaut , Christian Wöhler , Pritish Halder , Goldy Ahuja , Shashikiran Ganesh , Megha Bhatt

Recent observations have revealed puzzling spatial disparities between ALMA dust continuum and UV emission as seen by HST and JWST in galaxies at $z=5-7$ (e.g. ALPINE and REBELS surveys), compelling us to propose a physical interpretation…

The optical properties of the second generation dust that we observe in debris disks remain quite elusive, whether it is the absorption efficiencies at millimeter wavelengths or the (un)polarized phase function at near-infrared wavelengths.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-24 Johan Olofsson , Philippe Thébault , Grant M. Kennedy , Amelia Bayo

We carry out three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of spherical homogeneous SiO2 dust aggregates to investigate how the mass and the porosity of the aggregates affects their ability to survive an impact at various…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Farzana Meru , Ralf J. Geretshauser , Christoph Schaefer , Roland Speith , Wilhelm Kley

Filamentary structures are common in molecular clouds. Explaining how they fragment to dense cores is a missing step in understanding their role in star formation. We perform a case study of whether low-mass filaments are close-to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-01-27 Jouni Kainulainen , Alvaro Hacar , João Alves , Henrik Beuther , Hervé Bouy , Mario Tafalla

We investigate the two-dimensional packing of extremely prolate (aspect ratio $\alpha=L/D>10$) granular materials, comparing experiments with Monte-Carlo simulations. The average packing fraction of particles with aspect ratio $\alpha=12$…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 Kevin Stokely , Ari Diacou , Scott V. Franklin

The standard approach to obtaining knowledge about the properties of the surface layer of a comet from observations of gas production consists of two stages. First, various thermophysical models are used to calculate gas production for a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-20 Yu. Skorov , J. Markkanen , V. Reshetnyk , S. Mottola , M. Küppers , S. Besse , M. R. El-Maarry , P. Hartogh

Dust constitutes only about one percent of the mass of circumstellar disks, yet it is of crucial importance for the modeling of planet formation, disk chemistry, radiative transfer and observations. The initial growth of dust from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-19 T. Birnstiel

The distribution of visible matter in the universe, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters, has its origin in the week fluctuations of density that existed at the epoch of recombination. The hierarchical distribution of the universe, with its…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-21 Bruce N. Miller , Jean-Louis Rouet , Yui Shiozawa

Dust particles in space may appear as clusters of individual grains. The morphology of these clusters could be of a fractal or more compact nature. To investigate how the cluster morphology influences the calculated extinction of different…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. C. Andersen , J. A. Sotelo , G. A. Niklasson , V. N. Pustovit

Comets display with decreasing solar distance an increased emission of gas and dust particles, leading to the formation of the coma and tail. Spacecraft missions provide insight in the temporal and spatial variations of the dust and gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-10 Tobias Kramer , Matthias Noack , Daniel Baum , Hans-Christian Hege , Eric J. Heller

In the disk-mediated accretion scenario for the formation of the most massive stars, gravitational instabilities in the disk can force it to fragment. We investigate the effects of inclination and spatial resolution on observable kinematics…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-11-27 Aida Ahmadi , Rolf Kuiper , Henrik Beuther

Planetary formation is an efficient process now thought to take place on a relatively short astronomical time scale. Recent observations have shown that the dust surrounding a protostar emits more efficiently at longer wavelengths as the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lorin S. Matthews , Ryan L. Hayes , Michael S. Freed , Truell W. Hyde

As the earliest stage of planet formation, massive, optically thick, and gas rich protoplanetary disks provide key insights into the physics of star and planet formation. When viewed edge-on, high resolution images offer a unique…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 S. Wolff , G. Duchêne , K. Stapelfeldt , F. Ménard , C. Flores , D. Padgett , C. Pinte , M. Villenave , G. van der Plas , M. Perrin

We use the results of a set of three-dimensional SPH-Treecode simulations which model the formation and early evolution of disk galaxies, including the generation of heavy elements by star formation, to investigate the effects of dust…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 D. K. Churches , A. H. Nelson , M. G. Edmunds