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We investigate Bayesian predictive inference for finite population quantities when there are unequal probabilities of selection. Only limited information about the sample design is available; i.e., only the first-order selection…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-10 Junheng Ma , Joe Sedransk , Balgobin Nandram , Lu Chen

It has historically been a challenge to perform Bayesian inference in a design-based survey context. The present paper develops a Bayesian model for sampling inference in the presence of inverse-probability weights. We use a hierarchical…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-24 Yajuan Si , Natesh S. Pillai , Andrew Gelman

From scientific experiments to online A/B testing, the previously observed data often affects how future experiments are performed, which in turn affects which data will be collected. Such adaptivity introduces complex correlations between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-03 Xinkun Nie , Xiaoying Tian , Jonathan Taylor , James Zou

Phylodynamics seeks to estimate effective population size fluctuations from molecular sequences of individuals sampled from a population of interest. One way to accomplish this task formulates an observed sequence data likelihood exploiting…

We consider the problem of statistical inference on parameters of a target population when auxiliary observations are available from related populations. We propose a flexible empirical Bayes approach that can be applied on top of any…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Michael Law , Peter Bühlmann , Ya'acov Ritov

In this paper, I proof that Importance Sampling estimates based on dependent sample sets are consistent under certain conditions. This can be used to reduce variance in Bayesian Models with factorizing likelihoods, using sample sets that…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-03 Ingmar Schuster

In the case of informative sampling the sampling scheme explicitly or implicitly depends on the response variable. As a result, the sample distribution of response variable can- not be used for making inference about the population. In this…

Applications · Statistics 2016-11-18 Anna Sikov

This paper addresses the problem of making statistical inference about a population that can only be identified through classifier predictions. The problem is motivated by scientific studies in which human labels of a population are…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-15 Ciaran Evans , Zara Y. Weinberg , Manojkumar A. Puthenveedu , Max G'Sell

The standard approach to Bayesian inference is based on the assumption that the distribution of the data belongs to the chosen model class. However, even a small violation of this assumption can have a large impact on the outcome of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-22 Jeffrey W. Miller , David B. Dunson

In this paper I show the equivalence, under appropriate assumptions, of two alternative methods to account for the presence of selection biases (also called selection effects) in population studies: one is to include the selection effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-13 Stefano Rinaldi

There is a growing trend among statistical agencies to explore non-probability data sources for producing more timely and detailed statistics, while reducing costs and respondent burden. Coverage and measurement error are two issues that…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-19 Lyndon Ang , Robert Clark , Bronwyn Loong , Anders Holmberg

We consider the problem of meta-analyzing two-group studies that report the median of the outcome. Often, these studies are excluded from meta-analysis because there are no well-established statistical methods to pool the difference of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-22 Sean McGrath , Hojoon Sohn , Russell Steele , Andrea Benedetti

Randomization tests are a popular method for testing causal effects in clinical trials with finite-sample validity. In the presence of heterogeneous treatment effects, it is often of interest to select a subgroup that benefits from the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-29 Zijun Gao

Large language models exhibit societal biases associated with demographic information, including race, gender, and others. Endowing such language models with personalities based on demographic data can enable generating opinions that align…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Seungjong Sun , Eungu Lee , Dongyan Nan , Xiangying Zhao , Wonbyung Lee , Bernard J. Jansen , Jang Hyun Kim

We establish a general framework for statistical inferences with non-probability survey samples when relevant auxiliary information is available from a probability survey sample. We develop a rigorous procedure for estimating the propensity…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-17 Yilin Chen , Pengfei Li , Changbao Wu

Statistical techniques are used in all branches of science to determine the feasibility of quantitative hypotheses. One of the most basic applications of statistical techniques in comparative analysis is the test of equality of two…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-01 Ayanendranath Basu , Abhijit Mandal , Nirian Martin , Leandro Pardo

Causal inference with observational studies often relies on the assumptions of unconfoundedness and overlap of covariate distributions in different treatment groups. The overlap assumption is violated when some units have propensity scores…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-19 Shu Yang , Peng Ding

Nonprobability (convenience) samples are increasingly sought to reduce the estimation variance for one or more population variables of interest that are estimated using a randomized survey (reference) sample by increasing the effective…

Over the past few decades, statistical methods for causal inference have made impressive strides, enabling progress across a range of scientific fields. However, much of this methodological development has been confined to individual…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Wenqi Shi , José R. Zubizarreta

Inference in semi-supervised (SS) settings has gained substantial attention in recent years due to increased relevance in modern big-data problems. In a typical SS setting, there is a much larger-sized unlabeled data, containing only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-23 Gözde Sert , Abhishek Chakrabortty , Anirban Bhattacharya