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Classification and regression are two pillars of object detectors. In most CNN-based detectors, these two pillars are optimized independently. Without direct interactions between them, the classification loss and the regression loss can not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Keyang Wang , Lei Zhang

We demonstrate that many detection methods are designed to identify only a sufficently accurate bounding box, rather than the best available one. To address this issue we propose a simple and fast modification to the existing methods called…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Lachlan Tychsen-Smith , Lars Petersson

Bounding boxes uniquely characterize object detection, where a good detector gives accurate bounding boxes of categories of interest. However, in the real-world where test ground truths are not provided, it is non-trivial to find out…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Yang Yang , Wenhai Wang , Zhe Chen , Jifeng Dai , Liang Zheng

While formal robustness verification has seen significant success in image classification, scaling these guarantees to object detection remains notoriously difficult due to complex non-linear coordinate transformations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Benedikt Brückner , Alejandro J. Mercado , Yanghao Zhang , Panagiotis Kouvaros , Alessio Lomuscio

In object detection, an intersection over union (IoU) threshold is required to define positives and negatives. An object detector, trained with low IoU threshold, e.g. 0.5, usually produces noisy detections. However, detection performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Zhaowei Cai , Nuno Vasconcelos

Table Detection (TD) is a fundamental task to enable visually rich document understanding, which requires the model to extract information without information loss. However, popular Intersection over Union (IoU) based evaluation metrics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Bin Xiao , Murat Simsek , Burak Kantarci , Ala Abu Alkheir

The availability of real-world datasets is the prerequisite for developing object detection methods for autonomous driving. While ambiguity exists in object labels due to error-prone annotation process or sensor observation noises, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Zining Wang , Di Feng , Yiyang Zhou , Lars Rosenbaum , Fabian Timm , Klaus Dietmayer , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Loss functions is a crucial factor that affecting the detection precision in object detection task. In this paper, we optimize both two loss functions for classification and localization simultaneously. Firstly, by multiplying an IoU-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Shang Jiang , Haoran Qin , Bingli Zhang , Jieyu Zheng

This paper introduces Generalized Mask-aware Intersection-over-Union (GmaIoU) as a new measure for positive-negative assignment of anchor boxes during training of instance segmentation methods. Unlike conventional IoU measure or its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Barış Can Çam , Kemal Öksüz , Fehmi Kahraman , Zeynep Sonat Baltacı , Sinan Kalkan , Emre Akbaş

In this work, we propose N EIoU YOLOv9, a lightweight detection framework based on a signal aware bounding box regression loss derived from non monotonic gradient focusing and geometric decoupling principles, referred to as N EIoU (Non…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Dung Ta Nguyen Duc , Thanh Bui Dang , Hoang Le Minh , Tung Nguyen Viet , Huong Nguyen Thanh , Dong Trinh Cong

Semantic segmentation datasets often exhibit two types of imbalance: \textit{class imbalance}, where some classes appear more frequently than others and \textit{size imbalance}, where some objects occupy more pixels than others. This causes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zifu Wang , Maxim Berman , Amal Rannen-Triki , Philip H. S. Torr , Devis Tuia , Tinne Tuytelaars , Luc Van Gool , Jiaqian Yu , Matthew B. Blaschko

The Jaccard index, also known as Intersection-over-Union (IoU score), is one of the most critical evaluation metrics in medical image segmentation. However, directly optimizing the mean IoU (mIoU) score over multiple objective classes is an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Zhibin Li , Litao Yu , Jian Zhang

In one-stage multi-object detection tasks, various intersection over union (IoU)-based solutions aim at smooth and stable convergence near the targets during training. However, IoU-based losses fail to correctly update the gradient of small…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Dian Ning , Dong Seog Han

The Jaccard index, also known as Intersection-over-Union (IoU), is one of the most critical evaluation metrics in image semantic segmentation. However, direct optimization of IoU score is very difficult because the learning objective is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Litao Yu , Zhibin Li , Min Xu , Yongsheng Gao , Jiebo Luo , Jian Zhang

Differing from the well-developed horizontal object detection area whereby the computing-friendly IoU based loss is readily adopted and well fits with the detection metrics. In contrast, rotation detectors often involve a more complicated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Xue Yang , Yue Zhou , Gefan Zhang , Jirui Yang , Wentao Wang , Junchi Yan , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

The availability of many real-world driving datasets is a key reason behind the recent progress of object detection algorithms in autonomous driving. However, there exist ambiguity or even failures in object labels due to error-prone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Di Feng , Zining Wang , Yiyang Zhou , Lars Rosenbaum , Fabian Timm , Klaus Dietmayer , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

This paper revisits the problem of predicting box locations in object detection architectures. Typically, each box proposal or box query aims to directly maximize the intersection-over-union score with the ground truth, followed by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Aritra Bhowmik , Pascal Mettes , Martin R. Oswald , Cees G. M. Snoek

Road object detection is an important branch of automatic driving technology, The model with higher detection accuracy is more conducive to the safe driving of vehicles. In road object detection, the omission of small objects and occluded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Tao Yang , Youyu Wu , Yangxintai Tang

3D object detection is a key module for safety-critical robotics applications such as autonomous driving. For these applications, we care most about how the detections affect the ego-agent's behavior and safety (the egocentric perspective).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Boyang Deng , Charles R. Qi , Mahyar Najibi , Thomas Funkhouser , Yin Zhou , Dragomir Anguelov

360{\deg} cameras have gained popularity over the last few years. In this paper, we propose two fundamental techniques -- Field-of-View IoU (FoV-IoU) and 360Augmentation for object detection in 360{\deg} images. Although most object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Miao Cao , Satoshi Ikehata , Kiyoharu Aizawa