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Currently under active study in condensed matter physics, both theoretically and experimentally, are quantum spin liquid (QSL) states, in which no long-range magnetic ordering appears at low temperatures due to strong quantum fluctuations…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-07-04 Ruidan Zhong , Shu Guo , Guangyong Xu , Zhijun Xu , Robert J. Cava

Quantum fluctuations enhanced by frustration and subtle interplay between competing degrees of freedom offer an ideal ground to realize novel states with fractional quantum numbers in quantum materials that defy standard theoretical…

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a state of matter in which magnetic spins interact strongly, but quantum fluctuations inhibit long-range magnetic order even at zero temperature. A QSL has been predicted to have a host of exotic properties,…

The spin-1/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet YbMgGaO$_{4}$ has attracted recent attention as a quantum spin-liquid candidate with the possible presence of off-diagonal anisotropic exchange interactions induced by spin-orbit coupling.…

Quantum spin liquid (QSL) is a disordered state of quantum-mechanically entangled spins commonly arising from frustrated magnetic dipolar interactions. However, QSL in some pyrochlore magnets can also come from frustrated magnetic octupolar…

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic state in which electron spins are highly entangled, yet keep fluctuating even at zero temperature. Experimental realization of model QSLs has been challenging due to imperfections, such as antisite…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-25 Huanpeng Bu , Malik Ashtar , Toni Shiroka , Helen C. Walker , Zhendong Fu , Jinkui Zhao , Jason S. Gardner , Gang Chen , Zhaoming Tian , Hanjie Guo

Topological states of matter such as quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are of great interest because of their remarkable predicted properties including protection of quantum information and the emergence of Majorana fermions. Such QSLs, however,…

Quantum triangular-lattice antiferromagnets are important prototype systems to investigate phenomena of the geometrical frustration in condensed matter. Apart from highly unusual magnetic properties, they possess a rich phase diagram…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-03-13 S. A. Zvyagin , D. Graf , T. Sakurai , S. Kimura , H. Nojiri , J. Wosnitza , H. Ohta , T. Ono , H. Tanaka

Pursuing the exotic quantum spin liquid (QSL) state in the Kitaev material $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has intrigued great research interest recently. A fascinating question is on the possible existence of field-induced QSL phase in this compound.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-09-14 Xu-Guang Zhou , Han Li , Yasuhiro H. Matsuda , Akira Matsuo , Wei Li , Nobuyuki Kurita , Gang Su , Koichi Kindo , Hidekazu Tanaka

The existence of a quantum spin liquid (QSL) in which quantum fluctuations of spins are sufficiently strong to preclude spin ordering down to zero temperature was originally proposed theoretically more than 40 years ago, but its…

Based on experimental data and our theoretical analysis, we provide a strategy for unambiguous establishing of gapless quantum spin liquid state (QSL) in herbertsmithite and other materials. To clarify the nature of QSL, we recommend…

Spinel-structured compounds serve as prototypical examples of highly frustrated systems, and are promising candidates for realizing the long-sought quantum spin liquid (QSL) state. However, structural disorder is inevitable in many real QSL…

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) represent exotic states of matter where quantum spins interact strongly yet evade long-range magnetic order down to absolute zero. Characterized by non-local quantum entanglement and resultant fractionalized…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-05 Yuji Matsuda , Takasada Shibauchi , Hae-Young Kee

Quantum spin liquids (QSL) are phases of matter which are distinguished not by the symmetries they break, but rather by the patterns of entanglement within them. Although these entanglement properties have been widely discussed for ground…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-10 Snigdh Sabharwal , Matthias Gohlke , Paul Skrzypczyk , Nic Shannon

We present the ultra-low-temperature specific heat and thermal conductivity measurements on the single crystals of YbMgGaO$_4$, which was recently argued to be a promising candidate for quantum spin liquid (QSL). In the zero magnetic field,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-02-01 Y. Xu , J. Zhang , Y. S. Li , Y. J. Yu , X. C. Hong , Q. M. Zhang , S. Y. Li

Arguably the most favorable situation for spins to enter the long-sought quantum spin liquid (QSL) state is when they sit on a kagome lattice. No consensus has been reached in theory regarding the true ground state of this promising…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-05 Y. Y. Huang , Y. Xu , Le Wang , C. C. Zhao , C. P. Tu , J. M. Ni , L. S. Wang , B. L. Pan , Ying Fu , Zhanyang Hao , Cai Liu , Jia-Wei Mei , S. Y. Li

While many-body systems can host long-ranged entangled quantum spin liquids (QSLs), the ingredients for realizing these as ground states can be prohibitively difficult. In many circumstances, one requires (i) a constrained Hilbert space and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-02-14 Rahul Sahay , Ashvin Vishwanath , Ruben Verresen

A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic state of matter characterized by quantum entanglement and the absence of any broken symmetry. A long-standing open problem, which is a key for fundamental understanding the mysterious QSL states, is…

At the theoretical level, quantum spin liquids are distinguished from other phases of matter by their entanglement properties. However, since the usual measure of entanglement, entanglement entropy, cannot accessed in experiment,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-05-20 Tokuro Shimokawa , Snigdh Sabharwal , Nic Shannon

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are fluid-like states of quantum spins where its long-range ordered state is destroyed by quantum fluctuations. The ground state of QSL and its exotic phenomena, which have been extensively discussed for decades,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-10-25 Minoru Yamashita , Takasada Shibauchi , Yuji Matsuda