The spin-1/2 triangular lattice antiferromagnet YbMgGaO4 has attracted recent attention as a quantum spin-liquid candidate with the possible presence of off-diagonal anisotropic exchange interactions induced by spin-orbit coupling. Whether a quantum spin-liquid is stabilized or not depends on the interplay of various exchange interactions with chemical disorder that is inherent to the layered structure of the compound. We combine time-domain terahertz spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering measurements in the field polarized state of YbMgGaO4 to obtain better microscopic insights on its exchange interactions. Terahertz spectroscopy in this fashion functions as high-field electron spin resonance and probes the spin-wave excitations at the Brillouin zone center, ideally complementing neutron scattering. A global spin-wave fit to all our spectroscopic data at fields over 4T, informed by the analysis of the terahertz spectroscopy linewidths, yields stringent constraints on g-factors and exchange interactions. Our results paint YbMgGaO4 as an easy-plane XXZ antiferromagnet with the combined and necessary presence of sub-leading next-nearest neighbor and weak anisotropic off-diagonal nearest-neighbor interactions. Moreover, the obtained g-factors are substantially different from previous reports. This works establishes the hierarchy of exchange interactions in YbMgGaO4 from high-field data alone and thus strongly constrains possible mechanisms responsible for the observed spin-liquid phenomenology.
@article{arxiv.1708.07503,
title = {Hierarchy of exchange interactions in the triangular-lattice spin-liquid YbMgGaO$_{4}$},
author = {Xinshu Zhang and Fahad Mahmood and Marcus Daum and Zhiling Dun and Joseph A. M. Paddison and Nicholas J. Laurita and Tao Hong and Haidong Zhou and N. P. Armitage and Martin Mourigal},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.07503},
year = {2018}
}