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Variational Inference (VI) is a method that approximates a difficult-to-compute posterior density using better behaved distributional families. VI is an alternative to the already well-studied Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method of…

Computation · Statistics 2022-03-25 Neil Dey , Emmett B. Kendall

We propose a procedure which combines hierarchical clustering with a test of overidentifying restrictions for selecting valid instrumental variables (IV) from a large set of IVs. Some of these IVs may be invalid in that they fail the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-19 Nicolas Apfel , Xiaoran Liang

$\textit{Implicit neural representations}$ (INRs) aim to learn a $\textit{continuous function}$ (i.e., a neural network) to represent an image, where the input and output of the function are pixel coordinates and RGB/Gray values,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Ke Liu , Feng Liu , Haishuai Wang , Ning Ma , Jiajun Bu , Bo Han

For future learning systems, incremental learning is desirable because it allows for: efficient resource usage by eliminating the need to retrain from scratch at the arrival of new data; reduced memory usage by preventing or limiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Marc Masana , Xialei Liu , Bartlomiej Twardowski , Mikel Menta , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Joost van de Weijer

In the field of image clustering, the widely used contrastive learning networks improve clustering performance by maximizing the similarity between positive pairs and the dissimilarity of negative pairs of the inputs. Extant contrastive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Cheng Wang , Shuisheng Zhou , Fengjiao Peng , Jin Sheng , Feng Ye , Yinli Dong

Current research on class-incremental learning primarily focuses on single-label classification tasks. However, real-world applications often involve multi-label scenarios, such as image retrieval and medical imaging. Therefore, this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chenhao Ding , Songlin Dong , Zhengdong Zhou , Jizhou Han , Qiang Wang , Yuhang He , Yihong Gong

In contrast to the incremental classification task, the incremental detection task is characterized by the presence of data ambiguity, as an image may have differently labeled bounding boxes across multiple continuous learning stages. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Ziyue Huang , Yupeng He , Qingjie Liu , Yunhong Wang

Although the validation step can appear crucial in the case of clustering adopting fuzzy approaches, the problem of the partition validity obtained by those adopting the hard ones was not tackled. To cure this problem, we propose in this…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-17 Minyar Sassi

It has been noticed that some external CVIs exhibit a preferential bias towards a larger or smaller number of clusters which is monotonic (directly or inversely) in the number of clusters in candidate partitions. This type of bias is caused…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Yang Lei , James C. Bezdek , Simone Romano , Nguyen Xuan Vinh , Jeffrey Chan , James Bailey

Cluster analysis is widely used in the areas of machine learning and data mining. Fuzzy clustering is a particular method that considers that a data point can belong to more than one cluster. Fuzzy clustering helps obtain flexible clusters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Aybükë Oztürk , Stéphane Lallich , Jérôme Darmont

Abstracting neural networks with constraints they impose on their inputs and outputs can be very useful in the analysis of neural network classifiers and to derive optimization-based algorithms for certification of stability and robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Navid Hashemi , Justin Ruths , Mahyar Fazlyab

There are many cluster analysis methods that can produce quite different clusterings on the same dataset. Cluster validation is about the evaluation of the quality of a clustering; "relative cluster validation" is about using such criteria…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-10 Christian Hennig

Inferring cluster structure in microarray datasets is a fundamental task for the -omic sciences. A fundamental question in Statistics, Data Analysis and Classification, is the prediction of the number of clusters in a dataset, usually…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-02-16 Filippo Utro

Contemporary deep clustering approaches often rely on either contrastive or non-contrastive techniques to acquire effective representations for clustering tasks. Contrastive methods leverage negative pairs to achieve homogenous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Abhishek Kumar , Dong-Gyu Lee

While modern deep neural networks achieve impressive performance in vision tasks, they remain opaque in their decision processes, risking unwarranted trust, undetected biases and unexpected failures. We propose cluster paths, a post-hoc…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Nicholas M. Kroeger , Vincent Bindschaedler

Large-scale deployment of smart meters has made it possible to collect sufficient and high-resolution data of residential electric demand profiles. Clustering analysis of these profiles is important to further analyze and comment on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Mayank Jain , Tarek AlSkaif , Soumyabrata Dev

This study focuses on incremental learning for image classification, exploring how to reduce catastrophic forgetting of all learned knowledge when access to old data is restricted. The challenge lies in balancing plasticity (learning new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhiping Zhou , Xuchen Xie , Yiqiao Qiu , Run Lin , Weishi Zheng , Ruixuan Wang

Unsupervised disentangled representation learning is a long-standing problem in computer vision. This work proposes a novel framework for performing image clustering from deep embeddings by combining instance-level contrastive learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Ramakrishnan Sundareswaran , Jansel Herrera-Gerena , John Just , Ali Jannesari

Inference in clustering is paramount to uncovering inherent group structure in data. Clustering methods which assess statistical significance have recently drawn attention owing to their importance for the identification of patterns in high…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-18 Debora Zava Bello , Marcio Valk , Gabriela Bettella Cybis

To evaluate clustering results is a significant part of cluster analysis. Since there are no true class labels for clustering in typical unsupervised learning, many internal cluster validity indices (CVIs), which use predicted labels and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew