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Distribution-based search algorithms are an effective approach for evolutionary reinforcement learning of neural network controllers. In these algorithms, gradients of the total reward with respect to the policy parameters are estimated…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Nihat Engin Toklu , Paweł Liskowski , Rupesh Kumar Srivastava

Direct contextual policy search methods learn to improve policy parameters and simultaneously generalize these parameters to different context or task variables. However, learning from high-dimensional context variables, such as camera…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-11 Voot Tangkaratt , Herke van Hoof , Simone Parisi , Gerhard Neumann , Jan Peters , Masashi Sugiyama

Trust region-based optimization methods have become foundational reinforcement learning algorithms that offer stability and strong empirical performance in continuous control tasks. Growing interest in scalable and reusable control policies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Thomas Gallien

This paper introduces two novel modifications to the Dynamic sAmpling Policy Optimization (DAPO) algorithm [1], approached from a mixed-policy perspective. Standard policy gradient methods can suffer from instability and sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Hongze Tan , Yuchen Li

Several emerging post-Bayesian methods target a probability distribution for which an entropy-regularised variational objective is minimised. This increased flexibility introduces a computational challenge, as one loses access to an…

Computation · Statistics 2025-12-17 Clémentine Chazal , Heishiro Kanagawa , Zheyang Shen , Anna Korba , Chris. J. Oates

We propose a stochastic first-order trust-region method with inexact function and gradient evaluations for solving finite-sum minimization problems. Using a suitable reformulation of the given problem, our method combines the inexact…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Stefania Bellavia , Natasa Krejic , Benedetta Morini , Simone Rebegoldi

A wide variety of queueing systems can be naturally modeled as infinite-state Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). In the reinforcement learning (RL) context, a variety of algorithms have been developed to learn and optimize these MDPs. At the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Isaac Grosof , Siva Theja Maguluri , R. Srikant

Policy gradient methods have been frequently applied to problems in control and reinforcement learning with great success, yet existing convergence analysis still relies on non-intuitive, impractical and often opaque conditions. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Matthew S. Zhang , Murat A. Erdogdu , Animesh Garg

A key challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is managing the exploration-exploitation trade-off without sacrificing sample efficiency. Policy gradient (PG) methods excel in exploitation through fine-grained, gradient-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Zelal Su "Lain" Mustafaoglu , Keshav Pingali , Risto Miikkulainen

Policy gradient is a generic and flexible reinforcement learning approach that generally enjoys simplicity in analysis, implementation, and deployment. In the last few decades, this approach has been extensively advanced for fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Yisong Yue , Animashree Anandkumar

We revisit Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) from a function-space perspective. Our analysis decouples policy evaluation and improvement in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS): (i) A kernelized temporal-difference (TD) critic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lu Zou , Wendi Ren , Weizhong Zhang , Liang Ding , Shuang Li

Policy gradient methods, which have been extensively studied in the last decade, offer an effective and efficient framework for reinforcement learning problems. However, their performances can often be unsatisfactory, suffering from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Shihab Ahmed , El Houcine Bergou , Aritra Dutta , Yue Wang

In order for reinforcement learning techniques to be useful in real-world decision making processes, they must be able to produce robust performance from limited data. Deep policy optimization methods have achieved impressive results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 James Queeney , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis , Christos G. Cassandras

Local policy search is performed by most Deep Reinforcement Learning (D-RL) methods, which increases the risk of getting trapped in a local minimum. Furthermore, the availability of a simulation model is not fully exploited in D-RL even in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Jakob J. Hollenstein , Erwan Renaudo , Matteo Saveriano , Justus Piater

Training large language models (LLMs) with reinforcement learning (RL) methods such as PPO and GRPO commonly relies on ratio clipping to stabilise updates. While effective at preventing instability, clipping discards information, introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Madeleine Dwyer , Adam Sobey , Adriane Chapman

Approaches to policy optimization have been motivated from diverse principles, based on how the parametric model is interpreted (e.g. value versus policy representation) or how the learning objective is formulated, yet they share a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Ramki Gummadi , Saurabh Kumar , Junfeng Wen , Dale Schuurmans

Metaheuristic search strategies have proven their effectiveness against man-made solutions in various contexts. They are generally effective in local search area exploitation, and their overall performance is largely impacted by the balance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Zvezdin Besarabov , Todor Kolev

Projected policy gradient under the simplex parameterization, policy gradient and natural policy gradient under the softmax parameterization, are fundamental algorithms in reinforcement learning. There have been a flurry of recent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Jiacai Liu , Wenye Li , Ke Wei

Offline policy improvement faces an inherent conflict between maximizing value and fitting the data distribution. While in-sample weighted regression is stable, it suffers from over-conservatism that suppresses high-value actions in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiaxin Zhao , Weihang Pan , Xun Liang , Binbin Lin

We consider infinite-horizon discounted Markov decision problems with finite state and action spaces and study the convergence rates of the projected policy gradient method and a general class of policy mirror descent methods, all with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Lin Xiao