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Standard methods of using categorical variables as predictors either endow them with an ordinal structure or assume they have no structure at all. However, categorical variables often possess structure that is more complicated than a linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-17 Brian Lucena

We apply symbolic method to deduce functional equation which generating function of counting sequence of dependency trees must satisfy. Then we use Lagrange inversion theorem to obtain concrete expression of the counting sequence. We apply…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Zhujun Zhang

We study an abstract notion of tree structure which lies at the common core of various tree-like discrete structures commonly used in combinatorics: trees in graphs, order trees, nested subsets of a set, tree-decompositions of graphs and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Reinhard Diestel

Phylogenetic networks generalize phylogenetic trees by allowing the modelization of events of reticulate evolution. Among the different kinds of phylogenetic networks that have been proposed in the literature, the subclass of binary…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Gabriel Cardona , Joan Carles Pons , Celine Scornavacca

We establish a novel bijective encoding that represents permutations as forests of decorated (or enriched) trees. This allows us to prove local convergence of uniform random permutations from substitution-closed classes satisfying a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-01 Jacopo Borga , Mathilde Bouvel , Valentin Féray , Benedikt Stufler

We give combinatorial criteria for predicting the transcendental weight of Feynman integrals of certain graphs in $\phi^4$ theory. By studying spanning forest polynomials, we obtain operations on graphs which are weight-preserving, and a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-01-17 Francis Brown , Karen Yeats

A new class of (not necessarily bounded) operators related to (mainly infinite) directed trees is introduced and investigated. Operators in question are to be considered as a generalization of classical weighted shifts, on the one hand, and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-03-19 Zenon Jablonski , Il Bong Jung , Jan Stochel

We introduce several classes of pseudorandom sequences which represent a natural extension of classical methods in random number generation. The sequences are obtained from constructions on labeled binary trees, generalizing the well-known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-29 Josef Eschgfäller , Andrea Scarpante

We study the influence of the seed in random trees grown according to the uniform attachment model, also known as uniform random recursive trees. We show that different seeds lead to different distributions of limiting trees from a total…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-10-22 Sébastien Bubeck , Ronen Eldan , Elchanan Mossel , Miklós Z. Rácz

Trees or rooted trees have been generously studied in the literature. A forest is a set of trees or rooted trees. Here we give recurrence relations between the number of some kind of rooted forest with $k$ roots and that with $k+1$ roots on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Song Guo , Victor J. W. Guo

We propose a new arithmetic for non-empty rooted unordered trees simply called trees. After discussing tree representation and enumeration, we define the operations of tree addition, multiplication and stretch, prove their properties, and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-02-02 Fabrizio Luccio

In this paper we investigate undirected discrete graphical tree models when all the variables in the system are binary, where leaves represent the observable variables and where all the inner nodes are unobserved. A novel approach based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-06 Piotr Zwiernik , Jim Q. Smith

We study a notion of potential isomorphism, where two structures are said to be potentially isomorphic if they are isomorphic in some generic extension that preserves stationary sets and does not add new sets of cardinality less than the…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alex Hellsten , Tapani Hyttinen , Saharon Shelah

These notes are a written version of my talk given at the CARMA workshop in June 2017, with some additional material. I presented a few concepts that have recently been used in the computation of tree-level scattering amplitudes (mostly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Carlos R. Mafra

We here both unify and generalize nonassociative structures on typed binary trees, that is to say plane binary trees which edges are decorated by elements of a set $\Omega$. We prove that we obtain such a structure, called an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-28 Loic Foissy

We investigate the statistics of trees grown from some initial tree by attaching links to preexisting vertices, with attachment probabilities depending only on the valence of these vertices. We consider the asymptotic mass distribution that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 François David , Philippe Di Francesco , Emmanuel Guitter , Thordur Jonsson

Weight-balanced trees are a popular form of self-balancing binary search trees. Their popularity is due to desirable guarantees, for example regarding the required work to balance annotated trees. While usual weight-balanced trees perform…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Lukas Barth , Dorothea Wagner

In analogy to other concepts of a similar nature, we define the inducibility of a rooted binary tree. Given a fixed rooted binary tree $B$ with $k$ leaves, we let $\gamma(B,T)$ be the proportion of all subsets of $k$ leaves in $T$ that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-27 Éva Czabarka , László A. Székely , Stephan Wagner

We establish lower norm bounds for multivariate functions within weighted Lebesgue spaces, characterized by a summation of functions whose components solve a system of nonlinear integral equations. This problem originates in portfolio…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-30 Eberhard Mayerhofer

We assess advantages of expressing tree-structured Ising models via their mean parameterization rather than their commonly chosen canonical parameterization. This includes fixedness of marginal distributions, often convenient for dependence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Benjamin Côté , Hélène Cossette , Etienne Marceau